{ "kind": "node-detail-initial-slice", "version": "0.2.78", "generatedAt": "2026-10-02T19:25:44.323Z", "locale": "en", "route": "/en/practice/tools/missing-links-analysis/", "nodeId": "missing-links-analysis", "nodeType": "tool", "node": { "id": "missing-links-analysis", "type": "tool", "title": "Missing-Links Analysis", "searchAliases": [ "Missing-Links Analysis", "Fehlglieder-Analyse" ], "description": "Behavioral analysis · Missing behavior links · Missing effective behavior analysis", "priorityRank": 23, "priorityLabel": "More foundational", "priorityDescription": "This node is more about preparation, stabilization, or later deepening around orientation and understanding.", "cardPreview": "If it is not clear which effective step has been missing in a difficult situation.", "purpose": "Make missing links in a problematic process visible so that it is understood where important intermediate steps lie between the trigger and the result.", "applicationContext": "When a chain is described too roughly, incompletely or too quickly and relevant starting points for change remain hidden.", "longDescription": { "text": "Missing-Links Analysis is the complement to Chain Analysis: where Chain Analysis examines why a harmful behavior occurred, Missing-Links Analysis examines why an effective behavior did not occur when it was needed or expected. It asks a structured set of questions: Was the effective behavior in the person's repertoire? Did they know what to do? Did something get in the way of doing it? Were there insufficient consequences for doing it? Missing-Links Analysis is particularly useful for examining therapy non-compliance, missed homework, and other instances where effective behavior was absent rather than replaced by a problem behavior.", "furtherReading": [ { "sourceId": "linehan-manual-529p", "chapter": 6, "section": "VII" } ] }, "sourceId": "linehan-manual-529p", "sourceLabel": "Linehan Manual", "sourceLocator": "Chapter 6", "sourceCategory": "Foundation-oriented", "sourceType": "Manual", "sourceTrustSignal": "Primary source-close", "sourceAuthorityWeight": "high", "sourcePracticeWeight": "medium", "sourceAudienceFit": "Professional", "sourceNote": "Linehan Manual · Chapter 6", "whenToUse": "When an analysis needs to be resolved more finely to make overlooked steps, transitions or influencing factors visible.", "whenToUseSource": "editorial", "situationsSource": "explicit", "skillComplexity": "core", "interventionMode": "cognitive", "evidenceLevel": "clinical_consensus", "foundationalCategory": "therapy-process", "secondaryModules": [ "distress-tolerance", "emotion-regulation", "interpersonal" ], "moduleBridgeContexts": [ { "moduleId": "distress-tolerance", "contextText": "Sometimes crisis prevention fails not because of a lack of knowledge, but because of a missing intermediate step - Missing Links Analysis finds these gaps in the distress-tolerance repertoire." }, { "moduleId": "emotion-regulation", "contextText": "If an emotion-regulation skill is known in theory but unavailable in the moment, that is a Missing Links gap - what is needed is not more knowledge but a missing transition." }, { "moduleId": "interpersonal", "contextText": "Failed interpersonal attempts often reflect less of a knowledge problem than a transition problem - Missing Links identifies what is missing between intention and execution." } ], "relatedIds": [ "problem-solving", "wise-mind", "dear-man", "give", "fast", "check-the-facts", "opposite-action", "skills-training-target-hierarchy" ], "situations": [ "orientierung-verstehen", "eskalation-verstehen" ], "practiceNodeIds": [ "dbt-diary" ], "comparisonTitle": "Observing, understanding and practising", "comparisonBullets": [], "comparisonAxes": [], "comparisonNodeIds": [ "chain-analysis" ], "comparisonDescription": "The focus here is helpful behaviour that did not occur: what prevented it? Chain analysis examines the other question: which sequence led to problem behaviour that actually occurred?", "learningPathType": "analysis-to-change", "learningPathTitle": "Explore and apply", "learningPathDescription": "These nodes translate behavioral understanding into the next effective change choice.", "learningPathNodeIds": [ "chain-analysis", "problem-solving", "dbt-diary", "opposite-action", "check-the-facts", "wise-mind", "dear-man", "fast", "give" ], "learningPathSteps": [ { "nodeId": "chain-analysis", "label": "Continue with a tool", "description": "This connection translates the current knowledge into a directly usable tool or protocol.", "pathType": "analysis-to-change" }, { "nodeId": "problem-solving", "label": "Move directly into application", "description": "This connection leads from conceptual knowledge into a more concrete practical application.", "pathType": "analysis-to-change" }, { "nodeId": "dbt-diary", "label": "Continue with a tool", "description": "This connection translates the current knowledge into a directly usable tool or protocol.", "pathType": "analysis-to-change" }, { "nodeId": "opposite-action", "label": "Move directly into application", "description": "This connection leads from conceptual knowledge into a more concrete practical application.", "pathType": "analysis-to-change" }, { "nodeId": "check-the-facts", "label": "Move directly into application", "description": "This connection leads from conceptual knowledge into a more concrete practical application.", "pathType": "analysis-to-change" }, { "nodeId": "wise-mind", "label": "Move directly into application", "description": "This connection leads from conceptual knowledge into a more concrete practical application.", "pathType": "analysis-to-change" }, { "nodeId": "dear-man", "label": "Open the structure behind it", "description": "This connection opens the higher-level structure in which the current node is embedded.", "pathType": "analysis-to-change" }, { "nodeId": "fast", "label": "Open the structure behind it", "description": "This connection opens the higher-level structure in which the current node is embedded.", "pathType": "analysis-to-change" }, { "nodeId": "give", "label": "Open the structure behind it", "description": "This connection opens the higher-level structure in which the current node is embedded.", "pathType": "analysis-to-change" } ], "situationLinks": [ { "situationId": "eskalation-verstehen", "label": "Understand an escalation", "entryType": "orientation", "pathSegment": "situations", "relationRole": "understand", "fit": "primary", "strength": 0.92, "isPreferred": true }, { "situationId": "orientierung-verstehen", "label": "Orientation and Understanding", "entryType": "orientation", "pathSegment": "situations", "relationRole": "understand", "fit": "primary", "strength": 0.9, "isPreferred": true } ] }, "modules": [ { "id": "distress-tolerance", "title": "Distress Tolerance", "description": "Handle crises without making everything worse.", "color": "bg-rose-500" }, { "id": "emotion-regulation", "title": "Emotion Regulation", "description": "Understand and change emotions.", "color": "bg-emerald-500" }, { "id": "interpersonal", "title": "Interpersonal Effectiveness", "description": "Clarify relationships and reach goals.", "color": "bg-amber-500" }, { "id": "mindfulness", "title": "Mindfulness", "description": "The foundation of all DBT skills.", "color": "bg-indigo-500" } ], "relatedNodes": [ { "id": "problem-solving", "type": "skill", "title": "Problem Solving", "searchAliases": [ "Problem Solving", "Problemlösen" ], "description": "Changing emotional responses · Problem-focused change · Active situation change", "priorityRank": 5, "priorityLabel": "Helpful early", "priorityDescription": "This node fits early in the path when anger or irritation or strong emotional activation are in the foreground.", "cardPreview": "When the problem is real and not just the feeling but the situation needs to be changed.", "purpose": "Working systematically on a real, stressful problem by analyzing the situation, developing, implementing and evaluating solution options.", "applicationContext": "When the facts support an actual problem and the emotional reaction is fundamentally understandable, but the situation needs to be actively changed.", "longDescription": { "text": "Problem solving is the appropriate response when an emotion is justified by the situation — when the facts are the problem, not the interpretation. If the emotion fits the facts, the emotion itself is not what needs to change: the situation does. Problem solving follows a sequence of steps: describe the problem situation precisely, check the facts, identify the goal, brainstorm possible solutions, evaluate each solution for effectiveness and feasibility, choose one and implement it, then evaluate the outcome. The skill requires first acknowledging that a problem exists — which is harder than it sounds when avoidance or denial is active. Problem solving is ineffective if the wrong problem is defined, which is why it always begins with a clear description of the actual situation rather than a judgment about it.", "furtherReading": [ { "sourceId": "linehan-manual-529p", "chapter": 9, "section": "XVI", "page": 373 } ] }, "sourceId": "linehan-manual-529p", "sourceLabel": "Linehan Manual", "sourceLocator": "Chapter 9, Section 11; Emotion Regulation Handout 12", "sourceCategory": "Foundation-oriented", "sourceType": "Manual", "sourceTrustSignal": "Primary source-close", "sourceAuthorityWeight": "high", "sourcePracticeWeight": "medium", "sourceAudienceFit": "Professional", "sourceNote": "Linehan Manual · Chapter 9, Section 11; Emotion Regulation Handout 12", "whenToUse": "When Check the Facts shows that it is not the emotion that should be corrected, but the real problem situation that should be dealt with.", "whenToUseSource": "editorial", "situationsSource": "explicit", "skillComplexity": "core", "interventionMode": "behavioral", "evidenceLevel": "clinical_consensus", "module": "emotion-regulation", "secondaryModules": [ "distress-tolerance", "interpersonal" ], "moduleBridgeContexts": [ { "moduleId": "distress-tolerance", "contextText": "When a real problem creates emotional crisis reactions, problem solving treats the cause - distress tolerance manages the crisis layer, while problem solving removes the trigger." }, { "moduleId": "interpersonal", "contextText": "Many interpersonal problems are solvable practical problems - interpersonal skills help with negotiation, problem solving with structured action." } ], "relatedIds": [ "chain-analysis", "rest-strategy", "cognitive-vulnerability", "weekly-regulator", "exposure-based-cognitive-rehearsal" ], "situations": [ "akzeptanz-vs-veraenderung", "wut-aerger", "belastung-vorbereiten", "orientierung-verstehen", "schuld" ], "practiceNodeIds": [ "exercise-problem-solving-worksheet", "exercise-figuring-out-how-to-change-unwanted-emotions" ], "comparisonTitle": "Check the Facts vs. Opposite Action vs. Problem Solving", "comparisonBullets": [], "comparisonAxes": [ { "label": "Primary question", "current": "Which changeable part can I address concretely?", "candidates": { "check-the-facts": "Does my appraisal actually fit the situation?", "opposite-action": "Which action would deliberately go against my current emotional direction?" } }, { "label": "Direction", "current": "Plan steps, options, and concrete change.", "candidates": { "check-the-facts": "Correct interpretation, assumptions, and emotional fit.", "opposite-action": "Change emotion-driven action tendencies through a deliberately opposite response." } }, { "label": "Typical context", "current": "Daily problems, plannable conflicts, workable obstacles.", "candidates": { "check-the-facts": "Fear, shame, uncertainty, escalating thoughts.", "opposite-action": "Withdrawal, attack, avoidance, or freezing as an unhelpful emotional direction." } } ], "comparisonNodeIds": [ "check-the-facts", "opposite-action" ], "comparisonDescription": "Helps distinguish between emotion regulation skills that can seem similar but differ in whether they rely on checking, counterdirection, or concrete change.", "learningPathType": "analysis-to-change", "learningPathTitle": "Explore and apply", "learningPathDescription": "These nodes translate behavioral understanding into the next effective change choice.", "learningPathNodeIds": [ "chain-analysis", "exercise-problem-solving-worksheet", "exercise-figuring-out-how-to-change-unwanted-emotions" ], "learningPathSteps": [ { "nodeId": "chain-analysis", "label": "Continue with a tool", "description": "This connection translates the current knowledge into a directly usable tool or protocol.", "pathType": "analysis-to-change" }, { "nodeId": "exercise-problem-solving-worksheet", "label": "Work through as an exercise now", "description": "This connection leads not only to a nearby concept but directly into a concrete exercise or worksheet.", "pathType": "analysis-to-change" }, { "nodeId": "exercise-figuring-out-how-to-change-unwanted-emotions", "label": "Work through as an exercise now", "description": "This connection leads not only to a nearby concept but directly into a concrete exercise or worksheet.", "pathType": "analysis-to-change" } ], "situationLinks": [ { "situationId": "akzeptanz-vs-veraenderung", "label": "Acceptance or Change", "entryType": "orientation", "pathSegment": "situations", "relationRole": "apply", "fit": "primary", "strength": 0.88, "isPreferred": true }, { "situationId": "schuld", "label": "Guilt or guilt feelings", "entryType": "emotion", "pathSegment": "emotionen", "relationRole": "apply", "fit": "primary", "strength": 0.82, "isPreferred": true }, { "situationId": "wut-aerger", "label": "Anger or Irritation", "entryType": "emotion", "pathSegment": "emotionen", "relationRole": "apply", "fit": "primary", "strength": 0, "isPreferred": true }, { "situationId": "belastung-vorbereiten", "label": "Prepare for Stress", "entryType": "prevention", "pathSegment": "situations", "relationRole": "apply", "fit": "secondary", "strength": 0, "isPreferred": true }, { "situationId": "orientierung-verstehen", "label": "Orientation and Understanding", "entryType": "orientation", "pathSegment": "situations", "relationRole": "apply", "fit": "secondary", "strength": 0, "isPreferred": true } ] }, { "id": "wise-mind", "type": "skill", "title": "Wise Mind", "searchAliases": [ "Wise Mind", "Weiser Verstand" ], "description": "Mindfulness core · Integrative orientation · Integrative self-guidance", "priorityRank": 1, "priorityLabel": "Urgent first", "priorityDescription": "This node sits close to acute crisis and should be read more as an early step than as later deepening.", "cardPreview": "When mind and feeling must be brought together before you move on.", "purpose": "Bring emotional knowledge and rational classification together so that decisions do not arise solely from emotional pressure or only from distant control.", "applicationContext": "When inner conflicts, excessive demands or contradictory impulses lead to either pure feeling or pure control dominating actions.", "longDescription": { "text": "Wise Mind is the synthesis of emotion mind and reasonable mind — a state of knowing that integrates emotion and reason rather than alternating between them. Emotion mind is controlled by moods and urges; reasonable mind by facts and logic. Wise Mind is neither: it is the experience of inner knowing that transcends both. Everyone has Wise Mind, though not everyone can access it reliably. It is sometimes experienced as a particular place in the body — a sense of quiet certainty, of knowing something to be true from the inside rather than being convinced from the outside. Finding Wise Mind requires letting go of both the urgency of emotion and the sterility of pure logic, and learning to recognize the integrated sense of rightness that comes when both are held together. It can be cultivated through practice: repeated experience of stopping, attending, and waiting for the integrated knowing to emerge.", "furtherReading": [ { "sourceId": "linehan-manual-529p", "chapter": 7, "section": "VII", "page": 168 } ] }, "sourceId": "linehan-manual-529p", "sourceLabel": "Linehan Manual", "sourceLocator": "Chapter 7", "sourceCategory": "Foundation-oriented", "sourceType": "Manual", "sourceTrustSignal": "Primary source-close", "sourceAuthorityWeight": "high", "sourcePracticeWeight": "medium", "sourceAudienceFit": "Professional", "sourceNote": "Linehan Manual · Chapter 7", "whenToUse": "When, before the next step, an inner orientation is needed that takes both feelings and reason seriously.", "whenToUseSource": "editorial", "situationsSource": "explicit", "skillComplexity": "core", "interventionMode": "acceptance", "evidenceLevel": "clinical_consensus", "module": "mindfulness", "secondaryModules": [ "distress-tolerance", "emotion-regulation", "interpersonal" ], "moduleBridgeContexts": [ { "moduleId": "distress-tolerance", "contextText": "In a crisis, Emotion Mind often takes over - Wise Mind is the corrective that supports the decision to intervene at all in crisis skills such as TIP or Radical Acceptance." }, { "moduleId": "emotion-regulation", "contextText": "Emotion regulation needs an inner observer that distinguishes between feeling and reacting - Wise Mind is that capacity." }, { "moduleId": "interpersonal", "contextText": "Effective interpersonal strategies require that Emotion Mind is not the one speaking - Wise Mind is the stance from which DEAR MAN and GIVE can work." } ], "relatedIds": [ "opposite-action", "mindfulness-of-others", "exposure-based-cognitive-rehearsal", "daily-practices-for-emotional-health", "daily-mindfulness-regimen", "doing-being-mind", "middle-path", "spaciousness-and-stillness" ], "situations": [ "innere-unruhe", "orientierung-verstehen", "akzeptanz-vs-veraenderung", "krise-akut", "schuld", "eifersucht", "neid", "ueberraschung", "liebe", "eskalation-verstehen", "albtraeume-belastende-naechte" ], "practiceNodeIds": [ "daily-mindfulness-regimen" ], "comparisonTitle": "Attitude and mindfulness practice", "comparisonBullets": [], "comparisonAxes": [], "comparisonNodeIds": [ "loving-kindness" ], "comparisonDescription": "Wise Mind integrates emotion and reason in finding inner direction. Loving-kindness is a complementary practice with a different focus: deliberately cultivating goodwill towards oneself and others.", "learningPathType": "cross-module-transfer", "learningPathTitle": "Explore and apply", "learningPathDescription": "These nodes deliberately lead into a second DBT module space when the current content must be carried across modules.", "learningPathNodeIds": [ "opposite-action", "daily-mindfulness-regimen" ], "learningPathSteps": [ { "nodeId": "opposite-action", "label": "Move directly into application", "description": "This connection leads from conceptual knowledge into a more concrete practical application.", "pathType": "cross-module-transfer" }, { "nodeId": "daily-mindfulness-regimen", "label": "Switch into a sequence", "description": "This connection leads into a clearer step sequence when the next move should become graspable as a process.", "pathType": "cross-module-transfer" } ], "situationLinks": [ { "situationId": "orientierung-verstehen", "label": "Orientation and Understanding", "entryType": "orientation", "pathSegment": "situations", "relationRole": "orient", "fit": "primary", "strength": 0.92, "isPreferred": true }, { "situationId": "ueberraschung", "label": "Surprise", "entryType": "emotion", "pathSegment": "emotionen", "relationRole": "orient", "fit": "primary", "strength": 0.88, "isPreferred": true }, { "situationId": "liebe", "label": "Love or connection", "entryType": "emotion", "pathSegment": "emotionen", "relationRole": "orient", "fit": "primary", "strength": 0.82, "isPreferred": true }, { "situationId": "eskalation-verstehen", "label": "Understand an escalation", "entryType": "orientation", "pathSegment": "situations", "relationRole": "orient", "fit": "secondary", "strength": 0.78, "isPreferred": true }, { "situationId": "schuld", "label": "Guilt or guilt feelings", "entryType": "emotion", "pathSegment": "emotionen", "relationRole": "orient", "fit": "secondary", "strength": 0.72, "isPreferred": true }, { "situationId": "eifersucht", "label": "Jealousy", "entryType": "emotion", "pathSegment": "emotionen", "relationRole": "orient", "fit": "secondary", "strength": 0.72, "isPreferred": true }, { "situationId": "albtraeume-belastende-naechte", "label": "Nightmares or difficult nights", "entryType": "prevention", "pathSegment": "situations", "relationRole": "orient", "fit": "secondary", "strength": 0.72, "isPreferred": true }, { "situationId": "innere-unruhe", "label": "Inner Restlessness", "entryType": "orientation", "pathSegment": "situations", "relationRole": "orient", "fit": "secondary", "strength": 0.7, "isPreferred": true }, { "situationId": "neid", "label": "Envy", "entryType": "emotion", "pathSegment": "emotionen", "relationRole": "orient", "fit": "secondary", "strength": 0.7, "isPreferred": true }, { "situationId": "krise-akut", "label": "Acute Crisis", "entryType": "crisis", "pathSegment": "situations", "relationRole": "orient", "fit": "secondary", "strength": 0, "isPreferred": true }, { "situationId": "akzeptanz-vs-veraenderung", "label": "Acceptance or Change", "entryType": "orientation", "pathSegment": "situations", "relationRole": "orient", "fit": "secondary", "strength": 0, "isPreferred": true } ] }, { "id": "dear-man", "type": "bundle", "title": "DEAR MAN", "searchAliases": [ "DEAR MAN", "DEAR MAN" ], "description": "Objectives effectiveness · Goal effectiveness · Goal assertion", "priorityRank": 16, "priorityLabel": "Situationally important", "priorityDescription": "This node becomes especially important when conflict with others describes the actual situation.", "cardPreview": "When you need to clearly address, request, refuse, or negotiate something.", "purpose": "Structuring interactions so that a specific goal can be effectively pursued, a request can be made, a boundary can be set, or a position can be clearly represented.", "applicationContext": "When something needs to be achieved, negotiated, rejected or directly advocated for in an interaction and goal effectiveness is easily lost under social pressure.", "longDescription": { "text": "DEAR MAN is the DBT mnemonic for the set of skills used when the goal is to achieve an objective in an interpersonal situation — asking for something, saying no, or asserting a point of view. Each letter stands for a step: Describe the situation using observable facts only; Express feelings or beliefs clearly without expecting mind-reading; Assert wishes directly, neither beating around the bush nor demanding; Reinforce by explaining what the other person gains from giving you what you want; stay Mindful of the objective, not getting pulled off track by attacks or distractions; Appear confident in manner even when feeling uncertain; and Negotiate by being willing to give something to get something. DEAR MAN is objectives effectiveness — it serves the goal of getting what you actually want. It works best when combined with GIVE skills for maintaining the relationship, and FAST skills for maintaining self-respect.", "furtherReading": [ { "sourceId": "linehan-manual-529p", "chapter": 8, "section": "V", "page": 249 } ] }, "sourceId": "linehan-manual-529p", "sourceLabel": "Linehan Manual", "sourceLocator": "Chapter 8, Section 5", "sourceCategory": "Foundation-oriented", "sourceType": "Manual", "sourceTrustSignal": "Primary source-close", "sourceAuthorityWeight": "high", "sourcePracticeWeight": "medium", "sourceAudienceFit": "Professional", "sourceNote": "Linehan Manual · Chapter 8, Section 5", "whenToUse": "When primary reassurance, relationship protection or self-respect are not the priority, but rather the specific goal of the interaction must be pursued clearly and effectively.", "whenToUseSource": "editorial", "situationsSource": "explicit", "skillComplexity": "core", "interventionMode": "relational", "evidenceLevel": "clinical_consensus", "module": "interpersonal", "secondaryModules": [ "mindfulness", "emotion-regulation" ], "moduleBridgeContexts": [ { "moduleId": "mindfulness", "contextText": "Under social pressure, staying focused on the core of your own request requires mindfulness-based concentration skills." }, { "moduleId": "emotion-regulation", "contextText": "Emotional charge in conversations sabotages DEAR MAN - people who are emotionally regulated before the conversation can use the strategy effectively at all." } ], "relatedIds": [ "dear-man-describe", "dear-man-express", "dear-man-assert", "dear-man-reinforce", "dear-man-mindful", "dear-man-appear-confident", "dear-man-negotiate", "assertiveness-scripts", "raven-negotiation", "chain-analysis", "mutual-validation", "ending-relationships", "contingency-management", "assertive-listening" ], "components": [ "dear-man-describe", "dear-man-express", "dear-man-assert", "dear-man-reinforce", "dear-man-mindful", "dear-man-appear-confident", "dear-man-negotiate" ], "situations": [ "konflikt", "bitte-aeussern", "grenzen-setzen", "beziehung-beenden" ], "practiceNodeIds": [ "communication-effectiveness-checklist" ], "comparisonTitle": "DEAR MAN vs. GIVE vs. FAST", "comparisonBullets": [ "prioritizes goal clarity and effectiveness in the conversation", "fits requests, demands, boundaries, and negotiations", "asks first: How do I get my request clearly onto the table?" ], "comparisonAxes": [ { "label": "Primary question", "current": "How do I put my request on the table effectively?", "candidates": { "fast": "How do I stay intact and self-respecting?", "give": "How do I keep contact warm and relationship-supportive?" } }, { "label": "Direction", "current": "Represent a goal, request, negotiation, or boundary effectively.", "candidates": { "fast": "Do not give up self-respect, values, and fairness.", "give": "Protect the relationship and keep validation and warmth high." } }, { "label": "Typical context", "current": "Requests, demands, conflict conversations, negotiations.", "candidates": { "fast": "Guilt, withdrawal, pressure toward self-betrayal.", "give": "Sensitive conversations, repair, relationship care." } } ], "comparisonNodeIds": [ "fast", "give" ], "comparisonDescription": "Helps distinguish whether goal effectiveness, relationship effectiveness, or self-respect currently has priority.", "comparisonFocus": "Start here when you want to achieve, request, or clearly represent something.", "learningPathType": "bundle-to-steps", "learningPathTitle": "From skill bundle to steps", "learningPathDescription": "Start with the central building blocks of this skill bundle before jumping to broader connection nodes.", "learningPathNodeIds": [ "dear-man-describe", "dear-man-express", "dear-man-assert", "dear-man-reinforce", "dear-man-mindful", "dear-man-appear-confident", "dear-man-negotiate" ], "learningPathSteps": [ { "nodeId": "dear-man-describe", "label": "Open as the first step", "description": "This element is the most direct entry point into the internal structure of the skill bundle.", "pathType": "bundle-to-steps" }, { "nodeId": "dear-man-express", "label": "Continue within the skill bundle", "description": "This turns the acronym or container into a concrete sequence of action steps.", "pathType": "bundle-to-steps" }, { "nodeId": "dear-man-assert", "label": "Continue within the skill bundle", "description": "This turns the acronym or container into a concrete sequence of action steps.", "pathType": "bundle-to-steps" }, { "nodeId": "dear-man-reinforce", "label": "Continue within the skill bundle", "description": "This turns the acronym or container into a concrete sequence of action steps.", "pathType": "bundle-to-steps" }, { "nodeId": "dear-man-mindful", "label": "Continue within the skill bundle", "description": "This turns the acronym or container into a concrete sequence of action steps.", "pathType": "bundle-to-steps" }, { "nodeId": "dear-man-appear-confident", "label": "Continue within the skill bundle", "description": "This turns the acronym or container into a concrete sequence of action steps.", "pathType": "bundle-to-steps" }, { "nodeId": "dear-man-negotiate", "label": "Continue within the skill bundle", "description": "This turns the acronym or container into a concrete sequence of action steps.", "pathType": "bundle-to-steps" } ], "situationLinks": [ { "situationId": "bitte-aeussern", "label": "Express a Request or Need", "entryType": "interpersonal", "pathSegment": "situations", "relationRole": "entry", "fit": "primary", "strength": 0.95, "isPreferred": true }, { "situationId": "konflikt", "label": "Conflict with Others", "entryType": "interpersonal", "pathSegment": "situations", "relationRole": "entry", "fit": "primary", "strength": 0.9, "isPreferred": true }, { "situationId": "beziehung-beenden", "label": "End a relationship or decide to leave", "entryType": "interpersonal", "pathSegment": "situations", "relationRole": "apply", "fit": "primary", "strength": 0.86, "isPreferred": true }, { "situationId": "grenzen-setzen", "label": "Set boundaries", "entryType": "interpersonal", "pathSegment": "situations", "relationRole": "apply", "fit": "secondary", "strength": 0, "isPreferred": true } ] }, { "id": "give", "type": "bundle", "title": "GIVE", "searchAliases": [ "GIVE", "GIVE" ], "description": "Relationship effectiveness · Relationship protection", "priorityRank": 11, "priorityLabel": "Situationally important", "priorityDescription": "This node becomes especially important when jealousy describes the actual situation.", "cardPreview": "When relationship, resonance and defusing in contact must first be protected.", "purpose": "Protect or improve relationships and social accessibility in an interaction so that resonance, defusing and cooperative connectivity are maintained.", "applicationContext": "When goal pursuit without respect, validation, listening or defusing is likely to tip into defensiveness, counterattack or social bitterness.", "longDescription": { "text": "GIVE is the DBT mnemonic for relationship effectiveness skills — the skills used when maintaining or improving the relationship is the primary goal of an interaction, even when also pursuing an objective or asserting a position. Each letter stands for: be Gentle (no attacks, threats, judging, or disrespect); act Interested (listen, ask rather than assume, be patient); Validate (communicate that the other person's feelings, thoughts, or actions make sense given their situation); and use an Easy manner (be lighthearted, reduce tension, make the interaction feel safe). GIVE skills work because people respond to how they are treated as much as to what is being requested. Gentleness and interest make others want to engage. Validation acknowledges the other person as a full human being with understandable reasons for their experience. Easy manner creates the atmosphere in which all the other skills can land well.", "furtherReading": [ { "sourceId": "linehan-manual-529p", "chapter": 8, "section": "VI", "page": 256 } ] }, "sourceId": "linehan-manual-529p", "sourceLabel": "Linehan Manual", "sourceLocator": "Chapter 8, Section 6", "sourceCategory": "Foundation-oriented", "sourceType": "Manual", "sourceTrustSignal": "Primary source-close", "sourceAuthorityWeight": "high", "sourcePracticeWeight": "medium", "sourceAudienceFit": "Professional", "sourceNote": "Linehan Manual · Chapter 8, Section 6", "whenToUse": "When a relationship needs to be protected, repaired or kept socially open in contact and the guiding question is not just the goal or self-respect.", "whenToUseSource": "editorial", "situationsSource": "explicit", "skillComplexity": "core", "interventionMode": "relational", "evidenceLevel": "clinical_consensus", "module": "interpersonal", "secondaryModules": [ "mindfulness" ], "moduleBridgeContexts": [ { "moduleId": "mindfulness", "contextText": "Protecting relationships works only with mindfulness of the other person - GIVE requires noticing how the other is responding instead of merely running your own agenda." } ], "relatedIds": [ "give-gentle", "give-interested", "give-validate", "give-easy-manner", "assertive-listening", "assertiveness-scripts", "validation", "mutual-validation", "ending-relationships" ], "components": [ "give-gentle", "give-interested", "give-validate", "give-easy-manner" ], "situations": [ "beziehung-reparieren", "konflikt", "eifersucht", "liebe", "invalidiert-nicht-verstanden", "zuhoeren-und-verstehen" ], "practiceNodeIds": [ "communication-effectiveness-checklist" ], "comparisonTitle": "DEAR MAN vs. GIVE vs. FAST", "comparisonBullets": [ "prioritizes connection, warmth, and reduced sharpness", "fits sensitive conversations and relationship care", "asks first: How do I stay warm, interested, and validating?" ], "comparisonAxes": [ { "label": "Primary question", "current": "How do I keep contact warm and relationship-supportive?", "candidates": { "dear-man": "How do I put my request on the table effectively?", "fast": "How do I stay intact and self-respecting?" } }, { "label": "Direction", "current": "Protect the relationship and keep validation and warmth high.", "candidates": { "dear-man": "Represent a goal, request, negotiation, or boundary effectively.", "fast": "Do not give up self-respect, values, and fairness." } }, { "label": "Typical context", "current": "Sensitive conversations, repair, relationship care.", "candidates": { "dear-man": "Requests, demands, conflict conversations, negotiations.", "fast": "Guilt, withdrawal, pressure toward self-betrayal." } } ], "comparisonNodeIds": [ "dear-man", "fast" ], "comparisonDescription": "Helps distinguish whether goal effectiveness, relationship effectiveness, or self-respect currently has priority.", "comparisonFocus": "Start here when the relationship is in the foreground and contact should be 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"give-easy-manner", "label": "Continue within the skill bundle", "description": "This turns the acronym or container into a concrete sequence of action steps.", "pathType": "bundle-to-steps" } ], "situationLinks": [ { "situationId": "liebe", "label": "Love or connection", "entryType": "emotion", "pathSegment": "emotionen", "relationRole": "apply", "fit": "primary", "strength": 0.88, "isPreferred": true }, { "situationId": "beziehung-reparieren", "label": "Repair a Relationship", "entryType": "interpersonal", "pathSegment": "situations", "relationRole": "apply", "fit": "primary", "strength": 0.85, "isPreferred": true }, { "situationId": "invalidiert-nicht-verstanden", "label": "Invalidated or not understood", "entryType": "interpersonal", "pathSegment": "situations", "relationRole": "apply", "fit": "primary", "strength": 0.84, "isPreferred": true }, { "situationId": "zuhoeren-und-verstehen", "label": "Listen and really understand", "entryType": "interpersonal", "pathSegment": "situations", "relationRole": "apply", "fit": "primary", "strength": 0.84, "isPreferred": true }, { "situationId": "konflikt", "label": "Conflict with Others", "entryType": "interpersonal", "pathSegment": "situations", "relationRole": "apply", "fit": "secondary", "strength": 0.76, "isPreferred": true }, { "situationId": "eifersucht", "label": "Jealousy", "entryType": "emotion", "pathSegment": "emotionen", "relationRole": "apply", "fit": "secondary", "strength": 0.72, "isPreferred": true } ] }, { "id": "fast", "type": "bundle", "title": "FAST", "searchAliases": [ "FAST", "FAST" ], "description": "Self-respect effectiveness · Self-respect protection", "priorityRank": 18, "priorityLabel": "Situationally important", "priorityDescription": "This node becomes especially important when set boundaries describes the actual situation.", "cardPreview": "If you want to remain fair in your contact without betraying yourself.", "purpose": "Act in interactions in such a way that one's own self-respect is maintained without tipping over into submission, self-betrayal, shame spirals or rigid intransigence.", "applicationContext": "When pursuing goals or protecting relationships threatens to come at the expense of one's own values, fairness or inner integrity.", "longDescription": { "text": "FAST is the DBT mnemonic for self-respect effectiveness skills — the skills used to maintain or increase self-respect during and after an interpersonal interaction. Each letter stands for: be Fair (to oneself and to the other person); no Apologies (no over-apologizing for having needs, opinions, or a point of view); Stick to values (avoid compromising integrity to get approval or avoid conflict); and be Truthful (no lying, no acting helpless, no exaggerating). FAST skills address the inner cost of interaction: not just whether one got what one wanted, but whether one can respect oneself afterward. Self-respect is not maintained through always getting one's way, but through how one engages — whether the engagement reflects one's own values, honesty, and fairness.", "furtherReading": [ { "sourceId": "linehan-manual-529p", "chapter": 8, "section": "VII", "page": 261 } ] }, "sourceId": "linehan-manual-529p", "sourceLabel": "Linehan Manual", "sourceLocator": "Chapter 8, Section 7", "sourceCategory": "Foundation-oriented", "sourceType": "Manual", "sourceTrustSignal": "Primary source-close", "sourceAuthorityWeight": "high", "sourcePracticeWeight": "medium", "sourceAudienceFit": "Professional", "sourceNote": "Linehan Manual · Chapter 8, Section 7", "whenToUse": "When interactions typically leave behind self-devaluation, bitterness or the feeling of having lost or betrayed oneself.", "whenToUseSource": "editorial", "situationsSource": "explicit", "skillComplexity": "core", "interventionMode": "relational", "evidenceLevel": "clinical_consensus", "module": "interpersonal", "secondaryModules": [ "mindfulness", "emotion-regulation" ], "moduleBridgeContexts": [ { "moduleId": "mindfulness", "contextText": "Maintaining self-respect in contact requires mindfully noticing when you begin to bend yourself out of shape - mindfulness of your own values is the prerequisite for FAST." }, { "moduleId": "emotion-regulation", "contextText": "Shame, fear of rejection, and submissive urges are emotions - FAST skills need emotion regulation as their foundation." } ], "relatedIds": [ "fast-fair", "fast-no-apologies", "fast-stick-to-values", "fast-truthful", "interpersonal-values-and-ratios", "ending-relationships", "assertiveness-scripts", "validation" ], "components": [ "fast-fair", "fast-no-apologies", "fast-stick-to-values", "fast-truthful" ], "situations": [ "selbstrespekt", "grenzen-setzen", "beziehung-beenden" ], "practiceNodeIds": [ "exercise-getting-from-values-to-specific-action-steps" ], "comparisonTitle": "DEAR MAN vs. GIVE vs. FAST", "comparisonBullets": [ "prioritizes values, fairness, and self-respect", "fits guilt, withdrawal, or pressure toward self-betrayal", "asks first: How do I stay intact toward myself?" ], "comparisonAxes": [ { "label": "Primary question", "current": "How do I stay intact and self-respecting?", "candidates": { "dear-man": "How do I put my request on the table effectively?", "give": "How do I keep contact warm and relationship-supportive?" } }, { "label": "Direction", "current": "Do not give up self-respect, values, and fairness.", "candidates": { "dear-man": "Represent a goal, request, negotiation, or boundary effectively.", "give": "Protect the relationship and keep validation and warmth high." } }, { "label": "Typical context", "current": "Guilt, withdrawal, pressure toward self-betrayal.", "candidates": { "dear-man": "Requests, demands, conflict conversations, negotiations.", "give": "Sensitive conversations, repair, relationship care." } } ], "comparisonNodeIds": [ "dear-man", "give" ], "comparisonDescription": "Helps distinguish whether goal effectiveness, relationship effectiveness, or self-respect currently has priority.", "comparisonFocus": "Start here when self-respect or inner congruence is under threat.", "learningPathType": "bundle-to-steps", "learningPathTitle": "From skill bundle to steps", "learningPathDescription": "Start with the central building blocks of this skill bundle before jumping to broader connection nodes.", "learningPathNodeIds": [ "fast-fair", "fast-no-apologies", "fast-stick-to-values", "fast-truthful" ], "learningPathSteps": [ { "nodeId": "fast-fair", "label": "Open as the first step", "description": "This element is the most direct entry point into the internal structure of the skill bundle.", "pathType": "bundle-to-steps" }, { "nodeId": "fast-no-apologies", "label": "Continue within the skill bundle", "description": "This turns the acronym or container into a concrete sequence of action steps.", "pathType": "bundle-to-steps" }, { "nodeId": "fast-stick-to-values", "label": "Continue within the skill bundle", "description": "This turns the acronym or container into a concrete sequence of action steps.", "pathType": "bundle-to-steps" }, { "nodeId": "fast-truthful", "label": "Continue within the skill bundle", "description": "This turns the acronym or container into a concrete sequence of action steps.", "pathType": "bundle-to-steps" } ], "situationLinks": [ { "situationId": "selbstrespekt", "label": "Preserve Self-Respect", "entryType": "interpersonal", "pathSegment": "situations", "relationRole": "entry", "fit": "primary", "strength": 0.9, "isPreferred": true }, { "situationId": "beziehung-beenden", "label": "End a relationship or decide to leave", "entryType": "interpersonal", "pathSegment": "situations", "relationRole": "orient", "fit": "primary", "strength": 0.88, "isPreferred": true }, { "situationId": "grenzen-setzen", "label": "Set boundaries", "entryType": "interpersonal", "pathSegment": "situations", "relationRole": "apply", "fit": "secondary", "strength": 0.86, "isPreferred": true } ] }, { "id": "check-the-facts", "type": "skill", "title": "Check the Facts", "searchAliases": [ "Check the Facts", "Fakten pruefen" ], "evidenceContinuations": [ { "nodeId": "opposite-action", "relationId": "rel-141", "kind": "learning", "placement": "decision", "moduleId": "emotion-regulation", "reason": "If the emotion does not fit the facts or acting on its urge would not be effective, explore opposite action here.", "priority": 1, "evidence": [ { "sourceId": "linehan-handouts-worksheets-446p", "locator": "Emotion Regulation Handout 10, steps 2–4", "path": "books/#06 Linehan_skills_handouts_worksheets (446p)/09_emotion-regulation/12_handout_10_opposite-action-emotion-regulation-worksheet-7.md", "lineStart": 18, "lineEnd": 53, "sha256": "1514799350fe25e3bd2dcc32a672d1932bc30e5a4023c965b661586183494bb7" } ] }, { "nodeId": "problem-solving", "relationId": "rel-142", "kind": "learning", "placement": "decision", "moduleId": "emotion-regulation", "reason": "If the facts are correct and the situation itself is the problem, continue by identifying a changeable goal and possible solutions.", "priority": 2, "evidence": [ { "sourceId": "linehan-handouts-worksheets-446p", "locator": "Emotion Regulation Handout 12, steps 1–3", "path": "books/#06 Linehan_skills_handouts_worksheets (446p)/09_emotion-regulation/14_handout_12_problem-solving-emotion-regulation-worksheet-8.md", "lineStart": 18, "lineEnd": 31, "sha256": "10cba67da22d4ea66a0db8f0eacb4512bb72b32c8ad5c4f813ade4e83cb5829a" } ] } ], "description": "Changing emotional responses · Fact checking · Fact checking decision", "priorityRank": 3, "priorityLabel": "Helpful early", "priorityDescription": "This node fits early in the path when inner restlessness or strong emotional activation are in the foreground.", "cardPreview": "When it is unclear whether feelings and assumptions really match the facts.", "purpose": "Separate observable facts from interpretations, threat assumptions, and catastrophizing to clarify whether an emotional response fits the situation in direction or intensity.", "applicationContext": "When strong emotions, assumptions of threat or absolute interpretations are in the room and it is still unclear whether emotional correction or situation change is needed.", "longDescription": { "text": "Check the Facts is the first step in changing unwanted emotions: before acting on an emotion or deciding it is justified, examine whether the emotion fits the actual facts of the situation — not interpretations, demands on reality, or thinking in absolutes. Emotions are responses to how we perceive events, not to the events themselves. Checking the facts involves asking: What is the actual event that prompted this emotion? Am I interpreting, assuming, or catastrophizing? Would a neutral observer agree with my read of the situation? Does the emotion fit the facts in kind and intensity? If the emotion does not fit the facts, opposite action is the next step. If it does, problem solving is needed.", "furtherReading": [ { "sourceId": "linehan-manual-529p", "chapter": 9, "section": "XII", "page": 351 } ] }, "sourceId": "linehan-manual-529p", "sourceLabel": "Linehan Manual", "sourceLocator": "Chapter 9, Section 8", "sourceCategory": "Foundation-oriented", "sourceType": "Manual", "sourceTrustSignal": "Primary source-close", "sourceAuthorityWeight": "high", "sourcePracticeWeight": "medium", "sourceAudienceFit": "Professional", "sourceNote": "Linehan Manual · Chapter 9, Section 8", "whenToUse": "If before opposing action or problem solving, it must first be checked whether the emotion and its intensity are appropriate to the facts.", "whenToUseSource": "editorial", "situationsSource": "explicit", "skillComplexity": "core", "interventionMode": "behavioral", "evidenceLevel": "clinical_consensus", "module": "emotion-regulation", "secondaryModules": [ "mindfulness" ], "moduleBridgeContexts": [ { "moduleId": "mindfulness", "contextText": "Separating facts from interpretations requires mindful observation - Check the Facts is cognitive mindfulness applied to emotional appraisals." } ], "relatedIds": [ "emotions-model", "chain-analysis", "emotion-functions", "recognizing-emotions" ], "situations": [ "angst-panik", "akzeptanz-vs-veraenderung", "wut-aerger", "scham", "trauer-verlust", "innere-unruhe", "ekel", "schuld", "eifersucht", "neid", "ueberraschung" ], "practiceNodeIds": [ "exercise-check-the-facts-worksheet", "exercise-figuring-out-how-to-change-unwanted-emotions" ], "comparisonTitle": "Check the Facts vs. Opposite Action vs. Problem Solving", "comparisonBullets": [], "comparisonAxes": [ { "label": "Primary question", "current": "Does my appraisal actually fit the situation?", "candidates": { "opposite-action": "Which action would deliberately go against my current emotional direction?", "problem-solving": "Which changeable part can I address concretely?" } }, { "label": "Direction", "current": "Correct interpretation, assumptions, and emotional fit.", "candidates": { "opposite-action": "Change emotion-driven action tendencies through a deliberately opposite response.", "problem-solving": "Plan steps, options, and concrete change." } }, { "label": "Typical context", "current": "Fear, shame, uncertainty, escalating thoughts.", "candidates": { "opposite-action": "Withdrawal, attack, avoidance, or freezing as an unhelpful emotional direction.", "problem-solving": "Daily problems, plannable conflicts, workable obstacles." } } ], "comparisonNodeIds": [ "opposite-action", "problem-solving" ], "comparisonDescription": "Helps distinguish between emotion regulation skills that can seem similar but differ in whether they rely on checking, counterdirection, or concrete change.", "learningPathType": "knowledge-to-application", "learningPathTitle": "Explore and apply", "learningPathDescription": "These nodes are the next meaningful continuation when you want to move on from the current concept.", "learningPathNodeIds": [ "exercise-check-the-facts-worksheet", "emotions-model", "chain-analysis", "exercise-figuring-out-how-to-change-unwanted-emotions" ], "learningPathSteps": [ { "nodeId": "exercise-check-the-facts-worksheet", "label": "Work through as an exercise now", "description": "This connection leads not only to a nearby concept but directly into a concrete exercise or worksheet.", "pathType": "knowledge-to-application" }, { "nodeId": "emotions-model", "label": "Deepen the frame of reference", "description": "This connection expands the conceptual frame so the current topic does not remain isolated.", "pathType": "knowledge-to-application" }, { "nodeId": "chain-analysis", "label": "Continue with a tool", "description": "This connection translates the current knowledge into a directly usable tool or protocol.", "pathType": "knowledge-to-application" }, { "nodeId": "exercise-figuring-out-how-to-change-unwanted-emotions", "label": "Work through as an exercise now", "description": "This connection leads not only to a nearby concept but directly into a concrete exercise or worksheet.", "pathType": "knowledge-to-application" } ], "situationLinks": [ { "situationId": "schuld", "label": "Guilt or guilt feelings", "entryType": "emotion", "pathSegment": "emotionen", "relationRole": "orient", "fit": "primary", "strength": 0.9, "isPreferred": true }, { "situationId": "eifersucht", "label": "Jealousy", "entryType": "emotion", "pathSegment": "emotionen", "relationRole": "orient", "fit": "primary", "strength": 0.9, "isPreferred": true }, { "situationId": "akzeptanz-vs-veraenderung", "label": "Acceptance or Change", "entryType": "orientation", "pathSegment": "situations", "relationRole": "understand", "fit": "primary", "strength": 0.9, "isPreferred": true }, { "situationId": "ekel", "label": "Disgust or revulsion", "entryType": "emotion", "pathSegment": "emotionen", "relationRole": "orient", "fit": "primary", "strength": 0.88, "isPreferred": true }, { "situationId": "neid", "label": "Envy", "entryType": "emotion", "pathSegment": "emotionen", "relationRole": "orient", "fit": "primary", "strength": 0.88, "isPreferred": true }, { "situationId": "wut-aerger", "label": "Anger or Irritation", "entryType": "emotion", "pathSegment": "emotionen", "relationRole": "entry", "fit": "primary", "strength": 0, "isPreferred": true }, { "situationId": "scham", "label": "Shame", "entryType": "emotion", "pathSegment": "emotionen", "relationRole": "orient", "fit": "primary", "strength": 0, "isPreferred": true }, { "situationId": "trauer-verlust", "label": "Grief or loss", "entryType": "emotion", "pathSegment": "emotionen", "relationRole": "orient", "fit": "primary", "strength": 0, "isPreferred": true }, { "situationId": "ueberraschung", "label": "Surprise", "entryType": "emotion", "pathSegment": "emotionen", "relationRole": "understand", "fit": "secondary", "strength": 0.74, "isPreferred": true }, { "situationId": "angst-panik", "label": "Fear or panic", "entryType": "emotion", "pathSegment": "emotionen", "relationRole": "understand", "fit": "secondary", "strength": 0.72, "isPreferred": true }, { "situationId": "innere-unruhe", "label": "Inner Restlessness", "entryType": "orientation", "pathSegment": "situations", "relationRole": "apply", "fit": "secondary", "strength": 0, "isPreferred": true } ] }, { "id": "opposite-action", "type": "skill", "title": "Opposite Action", "searchAliases": [ "Opposite Action", "Entgegengesetztes Handeln" ], "description": "Changing emotional responses · Opposite behavior change · Action urge reversal", "priorityRank": 4, "priorityLabel": "Helpful early", "priorityDescription": "This node fits early in the path when fear or panic or strong emotional activation are in the foreground.", "cardPreview": "When the emotional impulse takes you deeper into the problem instead of out.", "purpose": "Targetedly undermining an inappropriate or ineffective emotional action tendency through counter-directed behavior so that the emotion and direction of action can change.", "applicationContext": "When an emotion or its impulse to act does not fit the facts or is useless for the current goal, such as avoidance, withdrawal, attack or hiding.", "longDescription": { "text": "Opposite action is the skill of deliberately acting counter to the behavioral urge that an emotion generates — and doing so all the way, not halfway. Every emotion produces an action urge: fear urges avoidance; shame urges hiding; anger urges attack; sadness urges withdrawal. These urges are adaptive in some contexts and harmful in others. When an emotion does not fit the facts of a situation, or when acting on it would make things worse, acting opposite to the urge repeatedly changes the emotion itself. This is not suppression — it is behavioral change that feeds back into the emotional system. The most effective treatments for depression, anxiety, and anger all work through this mechanism. Opposite action must be done fully: approaching what is feared, not just tolerating it from a distance.", "furtherReading": [ { "sourceId": "linehan-manual-529p", "chapter": 9, "section": "XIV", "page": 362 } ] }, "sourceId": "linehan-manual-529p", "sourceLabel": "Linehan Manual", "sourceLocator": "Chapter 9, Section 10", "sourceCategory": "Foundation-oriented", "sourceType": "Manual", "sourceTrustSignal": "Primary source-close", "sourceAuthorityWeight": "high", "sourcePracticeWeight": "medium", "sourceAudienceFit": "Professional", "sourceNote": "Linehan Manual · Chapter 9, Section 10", "whenToUse": "If Check the Facts speaks against the emotional reaction direction and the situation itself does not need to be changed primarily.", "whenToUseSource": "editorial", "situationsSource": "explicit", "skillComplexity": "core", "interventionMode": "behavioral", "evidenceLevel": "clinical_consensus", "module": "emotion-regulation", "secondaryModules": [ "distress-tolerance" ], "moduleBridgeContexts": [ { "moduleId": "distress-tolerance", "contextText": "When an emotion or its action urge is driving the crisis, acting opposite is the most direct interruption - Opposite Action is crisis intervention through behavior change." } ], "relatedIds": [ "emotions-model", "emotion-exposure", "contingency-management", "exposure-based-cognitive-rehearsal", "loving-kindness", "recognizing-emotions", "emotion-functions" ], "situations": [ "wut-aerger", "scham", "trauer-verlust", "angst-panik", "ekel", "eifersucht" ], "practiceNodeIds": [ "exercise-opposite-action-worksheet", "exercise-figuring-out-how-to-change-unwanted-emotions" ], "comparisonTitle": "Check the Facts vs. Opposite Action vs. Problem Solving", "comparisonBullets": [], "comparisonAxes": [ { "label": "Primary question", "current": "Which action would deliberately go against my current emotional direction?", "candidates": { "check-the-facts": "Does my appraisal actually fit the situation?", "problem-solving": "Which changeable part can I address concretely?" } }, { "label": "Direction", "current": "Change emotion-driven action tendencies through a deliberately opposite response.", "candidates": { "check-the-facts": "Correct interpretation, assumptions, and emotional fit.", "problem-solving": "Plan steps, options, and concrete change." } }, { "label": "Typical context", "current": "Withdrawal, attack, avoidance, or freezing as an unhelpful emotional direction.", "candidates": { "check-the-facts": "Fear, shame, uncertainty, escalating thoughts.", "problem-solving": "Daily problems, plannable conflicts, workable obstacles." } } ], "comparisonNodeIds": [ "check-the-facts", "problem-solving" ], "comparisonDescription": "Helps distinguish between emotion regulation skills that can seem similar but differ in whether they rely on checking, counterdirection, or concrete change.", "learningPathType": "knowledge-to-application", "learningPathTitle": "Explore and apply", "learningPathDescription": "These nodes are the next meaningful continuation when you want to move on from the current concept.", "learningPathNodeIds": [ "emotions-model", "exercise-opposite-action-worksheet", "exercise-figuring-out-how-to-change-unwanted-emotions" ], "learningPathSteps": [ { "nodeId": "emotions-model", "label": "Deepen the frame of reference", "description": "This connection expands the conceptual frame so the current topic does not remain isolated.", "pathType": "knowledge-to-application" }, { "nodeId": "exercise-opposite-action-worksheet", "label": "Work through as an exercise now", "description": "This connection leads not only to a nearby concept but directly into a concrete exercise or worksheet.", "pathType": "knowledge-to-application" }, { "nodeId": "exercise-figuring-out-how-to-change-unwanted-emotions", "label": "Work through as an exercise now", "description": "This connection leads not only to a nearby concept but directly into a concrete exercise or worksheet.", "pathType": "knowledge-to-application" } ], "situationLinks": [ { "situationId": "scham", "label": "Shame", "entryType": "emotion", "pathSegment": "emotionen", "relationRole": "apply", "fit": "primary", "strength": 0.84, "isPreferred": true }, { "situationId": "ekel", "label": "Disgust or revulsion", "entryType": "emotion", "pathSegment": "emotionen", "relationRole": "apply", "fit": "primary", "strength": 0.84, "isPreferred": true }, { "situationId": "trauer-verlust", "label": "Grief or loss", "entryType": "emotion", "pathSegment": "emotionen", "relationRole": "apply", "fit": "primary", "strength": 0, "isPreferred": true }, { "situationId": "eifersucht", "label": "Jealousy", "entryType": "emotion", "pathSegment": "emotionen", "relationRole": "apply", "fit": "secondary", "strength": 0.76, "isPreferred": true }, { "situationId": "wut-aerger", "label": "Anger or Irritation", "entryType": "emotion", "pathSegment": "emotionen", "relationRole": "entry", "fit": "secondary", "strength": 0.7, "isPreferred": true }, { "situationId": "angst-panik", "label": "Fear or panic", "entryType": "emotion", "pathSegment": "emotionen", "relationRole": "apply", "fit": "secondary", "strength": 0, "isPreferred": true } ] }, { "id": "skills-training-target-hierarchy", "type": "framework", "title": "Skills Training Target Hierarchy", "searchAliases": [ "Skills Training Target Hierarchy", "Ziel-Hierarchie im Skills Training" ], "description": "Treatment structure · Priority logic · Skills training priority order", "priorityRank": 23, "priorityLabel": "More foundational", "priorityDescription": "This node is more about preparation, stabilization, or later deepening around orientation and understanding.", "cardPreview": "When it needs to be clarified which problems have priority in DBT.", "purpose": "Arrange the order of the most important treatment and training goals so that attention is not drawn to secondary issues while more central problems remain unresolved.", "applicationContext": "When 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"applicationContext": "When inner conflicts, excessive demands or contradictory impulses lead to either pure feeling or pure control dominating actions.", "longDescription": { "text": "Wise Mind is the synthesis of emotion mind and reasonable mind — a state of knowing that integrates emotion and reason rather than alternating between them. 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It can be cultivated through practice: repeated experience of stopping, attending, and waiting for the integrated knowing to emerge.", "furtherReading": [ { "sourceId": "linehan-manual-529p", "chapter": 7, "section": "VII", "page": 168 } ] }, "sourceId": "linehan-manual-529p", "sourceLabel": "Linehan Manual", "sourceLocator": "Chapter 7", "sourceCategory": "Foundation-oriented", "sourceType": "Manual", "sourceTrustSignal": "Primary source-close", "sourceAuthorityWeight": "high", "sourcePracticeWeight": "medium", "sourceAudienceFit": "Professional", "sourceNote": "Linehan Manual · Chapter 7", "whenToUse": "When, before the next step, an inner orientation is needed that takes both feelings and reason seriously.", "whenToUseSource": "editorial", "situationsSource": "explicit", "skillComplexity": "core", "interventionMode": "acceptance", "evidenceLevel": "clinical_consensus", "module": "mindfulness", "secondaryModules": [ "distress-tolerance", "emotion-regulation", "interpersonal" ], "moduleBridgeContexts": [ { "moduleId": "distress-tolerance", "contextText": "In a crisis, Emotion Mind often takes over - Wise Mind is the corrective that supports the decision to intervene at all in crisis skills such as TIP or Radical Acceptance." }, { "moduleId": "emotion-regulation", "contextText": "Emotion regulation needs an inner observer that distinguishes between feeling and reacting - Wise Mind is that capacity." }, { "moduleId": "interpersonal", "contextText": "Effective interpersonal strategies require that Emotion Mind is not the one speaking - Wise Mind is the stance from which DEAR MAN and GIVE can work." } ], "relatedIds": [ "opposite-action", "mindfulness-of-others", "exposure-based-cognitive-rehearsal", "daily-practices-for-emotional-health", "daily-mindfulness-regimen", "doing-being-mind", "middle-path", "spaciousness-and-stillness" ], "situations": [ "innere-unruhe", "orientierung-verstehen", "akzeptanz-vs-veraenderung", "krise-akut", "schuld", "eifersucht", "neid", "ueberraschung", "liebe", "eskalation-verstehen", "albtraeume-belastende-naechte" ], "practiceNodeIds": [ "daily-mindfulness-regimen" ], "comparisonTitle": "Attitude and mindfulness practice", "comparisonBullets": [], "comparisonAxes": [], "comparisonNodeIds": [ "loving-kindness" ], "comparisonDescription": "Wise Mind integrates emotion and reason in finding inner direction. 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Each letter stands for a step: Describe the situation using observable facts only; Express feelings or beliefs clearly without expecting mind-reading; Assert wishes directly, neither beating around the bush nor demanding; Reinforce by explaining what the other person gains from giving you what you want; stay Mindful of the objective, not getting pulled off track by attacks or distractions; Appear confident in manner even when feeling uncertain; and Negotiate by being willing to give something to get something. DEAR MAN is objectives effectiveness — it serves the goal of getting what you actually want. It works best when combined with GIVE skills for maintaining the relationship, and FAST skills for maintaining self-respect.", "furtherReading": [ { "sourceId": "linehan-manual-529p", "chapter": 8, "section": "V", "page": 249 } ] }, "sourceId": "linehan-manual-529p", "sourceLabel": "Linehan Manual", "sourceLocator": "Chapter 8, Section 5", "sourceCategory": "Foundation-oriented", "sourceType": "Manual", "sourceTrustSignal": "Primary source-close", "sourceAuthorityWeight": "high", "sourcePracticeWeight": "medium", "sourceAudienceFit": "Professional", "sourceNote": "Linehan Manual · Chapter 8, Section 5", "whenToUse": "When primary reassurance, relationship protection or self-respect are not the priority, but rather the specific goal of the interaction must be pursued clearly and effectively.", "whenToUseSource": "editorial", "situationsSource": "explicit", "skillComplexity": "core", "interventionMode": "relational", "evidenceLevel": "clinical_consensus", "module": "interpersonal", "secondaryModules": [ "mindfulness", "emotion-regulation" ], "moduleBridgeContexts": [ { "moduleId": "mindfulness", "contextText": "Under social pressure, staying focused on the core of your own request requires mindfulness-based concentration skills." }, { "moduleId": "emotion-regulation", "contextText": "Emotional charge in conversations sabotages DEAR MAN - people who are emotionally regulated before the conversation can use the strategy effectively at all." } ], "relatedIds": [ "dear-man-describe", "dear-man-express", "dear-man-assert", "dear-man-reinforce", "dear-man-mindful", "dear-man-appear-confident", "dear-man-negotiate", "assertiveness-scripts", "raven-negotiation", "chain-analysis", "mutual-validation", "ending-relationships", "contingency-management", "assertive-listening" ], "components": [ "dear-man-describe", "dear-man-express", "dear-man-assert", "dear-man-reinforce", "dear-man-mindful", "dear-man-appear-confident", "dear-man-negotiate" ], "situations": [ "konflikt", 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"FAST is the DBT mnemonic for self-respect effectiveness skills — the skills used to maintain or increase self-respect during and after an interpersonal interaction. Each letter stands for: be Fair (to oneself and to the other person); no Apologies (no over-apologizing for having needs, opinions, or a point of view); Stick to values (avoid compromising integrity to get approval or avoid conflict); and be Truthful (no lying, no acting helpless, no exaggerating). FAST skills address the inner cost of interaction: not just whether one got what one wanted, but whether one can respect oneself afterward. Self-respect is not maintained through always getting one's way, but through how one engages — whether the engagement reflects one's own values, honesty, and fairness.", "furtherReading": [ { "sourceId": "linehan-manual-529p", "chapter": 8, "section": "VII", "page": 261 } ] }, "sourceId": "linehan-manual-529p", "sourceLabel": "Linehan Manual", "sourceLocator": "Chapter 8, Section 7", "sourceCategory": "Foundation-oriented", "sourceType": "Manual", "sourceTrustSignal": "Primary source-close", "sourceAuthorityWeight": "high", "sourcePracticeWeight": "medium", "sourceAudienceFit": "Professional", "sourceNote": "Linehan Manual · Chapter 8, Section 7", "whenToUse": "When interactions typically leave behind self-devaluation, bitterness or the feeling of having lost or betrayed oneself.", "whenToUseSource": "editorial", "situationsSource": "explicit", "skillComplexity": "core", "interventionMode": "relational", "evidenceLevel": "clinical_consensus", "module": "interpersonal", "secondaryModules": [ "mindfulness", "emotion-regulation" ], "moduleBridgeContexts": [ { "moduleId": "mindfulness", "contextText": "Maintaining self-respect in contact requires mindfully noticing when you begin to bend yourself out of shape - mindfulness of your own values is the prerequisite for FAST." }, { "moduleId": "emotion-regulation", "contextText": "Shame, fear of rejection, and submissive urges are emotions - FAST skills need emotion regulation as their foundation." } ], "relatedIds": [ "fast-fair", "fast-no-apologies", "fast-stick-to-values", "fast-truthful", "interpersonal-values-and-ratios", "ending-relationships", "assertiveness-scripts", "validation" ], "components": [ "fast-fair", "fast-no-apologies", "fast-stick-to-values", "fast-truthful" ], "situations": [ "selbstrespekt", "grenzen-setzen", "beziehung-beenden" ], "practiceNodeIds": [ "exercise-getting-from-values-to-specific-action-steps" ], "comparisonTitle": "DEAR MAN vs. GIVE vs. FAST", "comparisonBullets": [ "prioritizes values, fairness, and self-respect", "fits guilt, withdrawal, or pressure toward self-betrayal", "asks first: How do I stay intact toward myself?" ], "comparisonAxes": [ { "label": "Primary question", "current": "How do I stay intact and self-respecting?", "candidates": { "dear-man": "How do I put my request on the table effectively?", "give": "How do I keep contact warm and relationship-supportive?" } }, { "label": "Direction", "current": "Do not give up self-respect, values, and fairness.", "candidates": { "dear-man": "Represent a goal, request, negotiation, or boundary effectively.", "give": "Protect the relationship and keep validation and warmth high." } }, { "label": "Typical context", "current": "Guilt, withdrawal, pressure toward self-betrayal.", "candidates": { "dear-man": "Requests, demands, conflict conversations, negotiations.", "give": "Sensitive conversations, repair, relationship care." } } ], "comparisonNodeIds": [ "dear-man", "give" ], "comparisonDescription": "Helps distinguish whether goal effectiveness, relationship effectiveness, or self-respect currently has priority.", "comparisonFocus": "Start here when self-respect or inner congruence is under threat.", "learningPathType": "bundle-to-steps", "learningPathTitle": "From skill bundle to steps", "learningPathDescription": "Start with the central building blocks of this skill bundle before jumping to broader connection nodes.", "learningPathNodeIds": [ "fast-fair", "fast-no-apologies", "fast-stick-to-values", "fast-truthful" ], "learningPathSteps": [ { "nodeId": "fast-fair", "label": "Open as the first step", "description": "This element is the most direct entry point into the internal structure of the skill bundle.", "pathType": "bundle-to-steps" }, { "nodeId": "fast-no-apologies", "label": "Continue within the skill bundle", "description": "This turns the acronym or container into a concrete sequence of action steps.", "pathType": "bundle-to-steps" }, { "nodeId": "fast-stick-to-values", "label": "Continue within the skill bundle", "description": "This turns the acronym or container into a concrete sequence of action steps.", "pathType": "bundle-to-steps" }, { "nodeId": "fast-truthful", "label": "Continue within the skill bundle", "description": "This turns the acronym or container into a concrete sequence of action steps.", "pathType": "bundle-to-steps" } ], "situationLinks": [ { "situationId": "selbstrespekt", "label": "Preserve Self-Respect", "entryType": "interpersonal", "pathSegment": "situations", "relationRole": "entry", "fit": "primary", "strength": 0.9, "isPreferred": true }, { "situationId": "beziehung-beenden", "label": "End a relationship or decide to leave", "entryType": "interpersonal", "pathSegment": "situations", "relationRole": "orient", "fit": "primary", "strength": 0.88, "isPreferred": true }, { "situationId": "grenzen-setzen", "label": "Set boundaries", "entryType": "interpersonal", "pathSegment": "situations", "relationRole": "apply", "fit": "secondary", "strength": 0.86, "isPreferred": true } ] }, { "id": "give", "type": "bundle", "title": "GIVE", "searchAliases": [ "GIVE", "GIVE" ], "description": "Relationship effectiveness · Relationship protection", "priorityRank": 11, "priorityLabel": "Situationally important", "priorityDescription": "This node becomes especially important when jealousy describes the actual situation.", "cardPreview": "When relationship, resonance and defusing in contact must first be protected.", "purpose": "Protect or improve relationships and social accessibility in an interaction so that resonance, defusing and cooperative connectivity are maintained.", "applicationContext": "When goal pursuit without respect, validation, listening or defusing is likely to tip into defensiveness, counterattack or social bitterness.", "longDescription": { "text": "GIVE is the DBT mnemonic for relationship effectiveness skills — the skills used when maintaining or improving the relationship is the primary goal of an interaction, even when also pursuing an objective or asserting a position. Each letter stands for: be Gentle (no attacks, threats, judging, or disrespect); act Interested (listen, ask rather than assume, be patient); Validate (communicate that the other person's feelings, thoughts, or actions make sense given their situation); and use an Easy manner (be lighthearted, reduce tension, make the interaction feel safe). GIVE skills work because people respond to how they are treated as much as to what is being requested. Gentleness and interest make others want to engage. Validation acknowledges the other person as a full human being with understandable reasons for their experience. Easy manner creates the atmosphere in which all the other skills can land well.", "furtherReading": [ { "sourceId": "linehan-manual-529p", "chapter": 8, "section": "VI", "page": 256 } ] }, "sourceId": "linehan-manual-529p", "sourceLabel": "Linehan Manual", "sourceLocator": "Chapter 8, Section 6", "sourceCategory": "Foundation-oriented", "sourceType": "Manual", "sourceTrustSignal": "Primary source-close", "sourceAuthorityWeight": "high", "sourcePracticeWeight": "medium", "sourceAudienceFit": "Professional", "sourceNote": "Linehan Manual · Chapter 8, Section 6", "whenToUse": "When a relationship needs to be protected, repaired or kept socially open in contact and the guiding question is not just the goal or self-respect.", "whenToUseSource": "editorial", "situationsSource": "explicit", "skillComplexity": "core", "interventionMode": "relational", "evidenceLevel": "clinical_consensus", "module": "interpersonal", "secondaryModules": [ "mindfulness" ], "moduleBridgeContexts": [ { "moduleId": "mindfulness", "contextText": "Protecting relationships works only with mindfulness of the other person - GIVE requires noticing how the other is responding instead of merely running your own agenda." } ], "relatedIds": [ "give-gentle", "give-interested", "give-validate", "give-easy-manner", "assertive-listening", "assertiveness-scripts", "validation", "mutual-validation", "ending-relationships" ], "components": [ "give-gentle", "give-interested", "give-validate", "give-easy-manner" ], "situations": [ "beziehung-reparieren", "konflikt", "eifersucht", "liebe", "invalidiert-nicht-verstanden", "zuhoeren-und-verstehen" ], "practiceNodeIds": [ "communication-effectiveness-checklist" ], "comparisonTitle": "DEAR MAN vs. GIVE vs. FAST", "comparisonBullets": [ "prioritizes connection, warmth, and reduced sharpness", "fits sensitive conversations and relationship care", "asks first: How do I stay warm, interested, and validating?" ], "comparisonAxes": [ { "label": "Primary question", "current": 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"situations", "relationRole": "apply", "fit": "primary", "strength": 0.84, "isPreferred": true }, { "situationId": "konflikt", "label": "Conflict with Others", "entryType": "interpersonal", "pathSegment": "situations", "relationRole": "apply", "fit": "secondary", "strength": 0.76, "isPreferred": true }, { "situationId": "eifersucht", "label": "Jealousy", "entryType": "emotion", "pathSegment": "emotionen", "relationRole": "apply", "fit": "secondary", "strength": 0.72, "isPreferred": true } ] } ], "bundleComponentNodes": [], "contextNodes": [ { "id": "emotion-regulation", "type": "framework", "title": "Emotion Regulation (Framework)", "searchAliases": [ "Emotionsregulation", "Emotionsregulation" ], "description": "Theoretical foundation · Regulation capacity · Emotion regulation capacity", "priorityRank": 23, "priorityLabel": "More foundational", "priorityDescription": "This node is more about preparation, stabilization, or later deepening around orientation and understanding.", "cardPreview": "If you first have to understand how emotions change and where you can intervene.", "purpose": "Organize the regulatory space of emotions so that it becomes understandable how emotions arise, are maintained and can be influenced at different points.", "applicationContext": "When emotional reactions seem too violent, too long-lasting or difficult to control and a structuring classification is needed first.", "longDescription": { "text": "Emotion Regulation in DBT is not about eliminating emotions but about increasing the ability to influence them — to reduce their frequency when unwanted, decrease their intensity, shorten their duration, and reduce suffering caused by their secondary effects. The module begins with understanding: emotions have functions (motivating action, communicating to self and others) and are complex full-system responses involving biology, cognition, behavior, and expression. Changing any part of the system can change the whole. The practical skills fall into two broad categories: changing unwanted emotions through Check the Facts, Opposite Action, and Problem Solving; and building resilience through the ABC PLEASE skills that reduce biological vulnerability and increase positive experience over time.", "furtherReading": [ { "sourceId": "linehan-manual-529p", "chapter": 9, "section": "I", "page": 323 } ] }, "sourceId": "linehan-manual-529p", "sourceLabel": "Linehan Manual", "sourceLocator": "Chapter 1", "sourceCategory": "Foundation-oriented", "sourceType": "Manual", "sourceTrustSignal": "Primary source-close", "sourceAuthorityWeight": "high", "sourcePracticeWeight": "medium", "sourceAudienceFit": "Professional", "sourceNote": "Linehan Manual · Chapter 1", "whenToUse": "If it is still unclear whether fact checking, opposing action, problem solving or vulnerability reduction is the appropriate next step.", "whenToUseSource": "editorial", "situationsSource": "explicit", "skillComplexity": "core", "interventionMode": "cognitive", "evidenceLevel": "clinical_consensus", "foundationalCategory": "understanding", "secondaryModules": [ "mindfulness", "distress-tolerance", "interpersonal" ], "moduleBridgeContexts": [ { "moduleId": "mindfulness", "contextText": "Emotional dysregulation often begins with a lack of awareness - mindfulness is the prerequisite for recognizing and naming emotional patterns at all." }, { "moduleId": "distress-tolerance", "contextText": "When emotion regulation does not work or works too slowly, crisis skills take over - distress tolerance is the emergency backup for moments when regulation is not yet accessible." }, { "moduleId": "interpersonal", "contextText": "Unregulated emotions are the most common reason interpersonal attempts fail - emotion regulation is the quiet prerequisite for effective communication." } ], "relatedIds": [], "situations": [ "orientierung-verstehen" ], "practiceNodeIds": [ "weekly-regulator" ], "comparisonTitle": "Understanding DBT foundations", "comparisonBullets": [], "comparisonAxes": [], "comparisonNodeIds": [ "biosoziale-theorie", "emotionsdysregulation" ], "comparisonDescription": "Emotion regulation describes the ability to influence emotions. Emotion dysregulation describes difficulties with this. Biosocial theory explains how emotional vulnerability and an invalidating environment interact in the development of these difficulties.", "learningPathType": "framework-to-application", "learningPathTitle": "Explore and apply", "learningPathDescription": "These nodes lead from the conceptual frame of reference into the first concrete application or deepening.", "learningPathNodeIds": [ "weekly-regulator", "biosoziale-theorie", "emotionsdysregulation" ], "learningPathSteps": [ { "nodeId": "weekly-regulator", "label": "Switch into a sequence", "description": "This connection leads into a clearer step sequence when the next move should become graspable as a process.", "pathType": "framework-to-application" }, { "nodeId": "biosoziale-theorie", "label": "Deepen the frame of reference", "description": "This connection expands the conceptual frame so the current topic does not remain isolated.", "pathType": "framework-to-application" }, { "nodeId": "emotionsdysregulation", "label": "Deepen the frame of reference", "description": "This connection expands the conceptual frame so the current topic does not remain isolated.", "pathType": "framework-to-application" } ], "situationLinks": [ { "situationId": "orientierung-verstehen", "label": "Orientation and Understanding", "entryType": "orientation", "pathSegment": "situations", "relationRole": "understand", "fit": "primary", "strength": 0.9, "isPreferred": true } ] } ], "situations": [ { "id": "orientierung-verstehen", "label": "Orientation and Understanding", "shortLabel": "Orientation", "entryType": "orientation", "isDraft": false, "description": "For moments in which classification is needed instead of immediate action.", "bodySensation": "Head tightness or mental exhaustion, felt rigidity or lameness, problems concentrating, sometimes tingling or relief when something clicks", "impulse": "Understand first before acting, gather information or ask questions, pause and wait, get confirmation from others, ponder or analyze excessively", "intensityNotes": "Can range from a short orientation break to a longer clarification phase. Risk: analysis lameness or endless weighing. Helpful if a hasty action would cause more damage than stopping.", "longDescription": { "text": "The orientation situation applies when the primary need is not skill application but understanding — grasping what DBT is, how its components fit together, and why a particular module is clinically relevant. This distinguishes it clearly from all skill-application situations. Relevant skill categories are mindfulness at a meta-level, psychoeducation-facing skills (understanding the biosocial model, function of emotions, validation), and the DBT framework itself. A key clinical mistake is rushing past orientation toward skill application, which produces superficial skill use disconnected from the underlying rationale. Clinicians and clients who understand why a skill exists — not just what to do — demonstrate better generalization and more creative adaptation to new situations." }, "preferredNodeIds": [], "conceptLinks": [ { "conceptId": "wise-mind", "relationRole": "orient" }, { "conceptId": "dbt-uebersicht", "relationRole": "entry" }, { "conceptId": "emotion-regulation", "relationRole": "understand" }, { "conceptId": "biosoziale-theorie", "relationRole": "understand" }, { "conceptId": "emotionsdysregulation", "relationRole": "understand" }, { "conceptId": "invalidierende-umgebung", "relationRole": "understand" }, { "conceptId": "skills-training-target-hierarchy", "relationRole": "orient" }, { "conceptId": "chain-analysis", "relationRole": "understand" }, { "conceptId": "missing-links-analysis", "relationRole": "understand" }, { "conceptId": "skills-training-program-design", "relationRole": "orient" }, { "conceptId": "skills-training-session-structure", "relationRole": "orient" }, { "conceptId": "skills-training-targets-and-procedures", "relationRole": "orient" }, { "conceptId": "strategies-in-skills-training", "relationRole": "orient" }, { "conceptId": "general-skills-orientation-and-behavior-analysis", "relationRole": "orient" }, { "conceptId": "cognitive-vulnerability", "relationRole": "understand" }, { "conceptId": "linehan-manual-structure", "relationRole": "orient" }, { "conceptId": "recognizing-emotions", "relationRole": "understand" }, { "conceptId": "dbt-diary", "relationRole": "understand" }, { "conceptId": "options-for-solving-any-problem", "relationRole": "orient" }, { "conceptId": "question-which-skill-helps-first", "relationRole": "orient" }, { "conceptId": "question-what-is-the-difference-between-these-skills", "relationRole": "orient" }, { "conceptId": "question-what-belongs-to-this-bundle", "relationRole": "orient" }, { "conceptId": "exercise-putting-abc-skills-together-day-by-day", "relationRole": "apply" }, { "conceptId": "question-how-do-i-change-an-unwanted-emotion", "relationRole": "orient" }, { "conceptId": "exercise-getting-from-values-to-specific-action-steps", "relationRole": "apply" }, { "conceptId": "beginners-mind", "relationRole": "orient" }, { "conceptId": "problem-solving", "relationRole": "apply" } ], "pathSegment": "situations" }, { "id": "eskalation-verstehen", "label": "Understand an escalation", "shortLabel": "Escalation", "entryType": "orientation", "isDraft": false, "description": "For looking back at a situation that went off track in order to identify triggers, links in the chain, and missing effective steps.", "bodySensation": "Exhaustion after the event, pressure in the head, agitation when revisiting it, a mix of shame, anger, or confusion, strong need to make sense of it", "impulse": "Replay the scene, look for blame, oversimplify, defend yourself, avoid the details, or try to pinpoint where it tipped", "intensityNotes": "The point is not self-punishment but accurate understanding. Good analysis separates triggers, vulnerability factors, chain links, and the place where an effective alternative was missing.", "longDescription": { "text": "Looking back at an escalation in DBT is not an exercise in blame but in behavior analysis. In the manual, chain analysis follows a clear order: describe the problem behavior, identify the prompting event, name the vulnerability factors already present, reconstruct the links in as much detail as possible, and only then examine the consequences. Change work then adds replacement behaviors, prevention plans, and repair of important consequences. Missing-links analysis deepens the exact place where an effective step was absent. The clinically important stance is curious, exact, and nonpunitive. The most frequent error is focusing only on the dramatic endpoint and missing the smaller chain moments where a different outcome was still possible." }, "preferredNodeIds": [], "conceptLinks": [ { "conceptId": "chain-analysis", "relationRole": "entry" }, { "conceptId": "options-for-solving-any-problem", "relationRole": "orient" }, { "conceptId": "wise-mind", "relationRole": "orient" }, { "conceptId": "missing-links-analysis", "relationRole": "understand" }, { "conceptId": "dbt-diary", "relationRole": "understand" }, { "conceptId": "exercise-chain-analysis-of-problem-behavior-worksheet", "relationRole": "apply" }, { "conceptId": "exercise-missing-links-analysis-worksheet", "relationRole": "apply" } ], "pathSegment": "situations" } ] }