{ "kind": "node-detail-initial-slice", "version": "0.2.78", "generatedAt": "2026-10-02T19:25:44.323Z", "locale": "en", "route": "/en/practice/skills/mindfulness-of-current-emotions/", "nodeId": "mindfulness-of-current-emotions", "nodeType": "skill", "node": { "id": "mindfulness-of-current-emotions", "type": "skill", "title": "Mindfulness of Current Emotions", "searchAliases": [ "Mindfulness of Current Emotions", "Achtsamkeit auf aktuelle Emotionen" ], "description": "Changing emotional responses · Mindful observation of current emotions · Emotion wave observation", "priorityRank": 3, "priorityLabel": "Helpful early", "priorityDescription": "This node fits early in the path when inner restlessness or strong emotional activation are in the foreground.", "cardPreview": "When a current emotion needs to be held through mindfully instead of immediately avoiding it or pushing it away.", "purpose": "Be mindful of a current emotion and stay in touch with it without immediately avoiding it, reinforcing it or pushing it away.", "applicationContext": "When a feeling is already there and should not be corrected first, but should first be carried, observed and endured as it progresses.", "longDescription": { "text": "Mindfulness of current emotions is the practice of observing and experiencing an emotion as it is, without trying to suppress it, escape from it, or prolong it. Emotions are not facts about the world — they are events occurring in the body and mind. Observing them without judgment, and without acting on them, allows them to move through without intensifying. Suppression and avoidance paradoxically sustain emotional pain: research on PTSD shows that attempting to avoid pain-related cues ensures the pain will continue. Emotions observed mindfully tend to follow a wave pattern — they rise, peak, and fall — rather than remaining stuck at high intensity. The skill involves noticing the name of the emotion, its physical sensations, its action urge, and its triggering event — while staying present to experience it as a passing event rather than a fixed identity.", "furtherReading": [ { "sourceId": "linehan-manual-529p", "chapter": 9, "section": "XXII", "page": 441 } ] }, "sourceId": "worksheets-handouts-99p", "sourceLabel": "Worksheets Packet", "sourceLocator": "Emotion Regulation Handout 22", "sourceType": "Packet", "sourceTrustSignal": "Handout-close", "sourceAuthorityWeight": "medium", "sourcePracticeWeight": "medium", "sourceAudienceFit": "Mixed", "sourceNote": "Worksheets Packet · Emotion Regulation Handout 22", "whenToUse": "When emotion avoidance magnifies the problem and mindful contact with the present feeling is needed first.", "whenToUseSource": "editorial", "situationsSource": "explicit", "skillComplexity": "supplemental", "interventionMode": "behavioral", "evidenceLevel": "practice_derived", "module": "emotion-regulation", "secondaryModules": [ "distress-tolerance", "mindfulness" ], "moduleBridgeContexts": [ { "moduleId": "distress-tolerance", "contextText": "In a crisis, staying mindfully in contact with the feeling instead of pushing it away is a form of crisis tolerance - it makes endurance without escalation possible." }, { "moduleId": "mindfulness", "contextText": "Mindfully accompanying current emotions is applied mindfulness aimed at the most difficult object - this concept directly connects emotion regulation with mindfulness practice." } ], "relatedIds": [ "willingness", "radical-acceptance", "emotions-model" ], "situations": [ "innere-unruhe", "trauer-verlust", "wut-aerger", "angst-panik", "ekel", "schuld", "freude-glueck", "eifersucht", "ueberraschung", "interesse", "liebe" ], "practiceNodeIds": [ "exercise-mindfulness-of-current-emotions-worksheet", "exercise-figuring-out-how-to-change-unwanted-emotions" ], "comparisonTitle": "Emotions and physical foundations", "comparisonBullets": [], "comparisonAxes": [], "comparisonNodeIds": [ "sleep-hygiene" ], "comparisonDescription": "This mindfulness practice concerns how to relate to an emotion being experienced now. 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"When acceptance is not translated into behavior and there is no physical, mental or practical readiness for the next step.", "longDescription": { "text": "Willingness is the readiness to respond to each moment of life as it actually is — doing what is needed, without reservation, without grudge, and without imposing one's own will on reality. Its opposite is willfulness: frantically trying to control events, or passively sitting on one's hands when action is required. Both are forms of resistance to what is. Willingness is not submission — it is full, open-handed participation in life. It involves responding from Wise Mind rather than from fear, pride, or habit. Practically, willingness often begins with posture: opening the hands, relaxing the face into a half-smile, and allowing the body to signal readiness before the mind follows. When willfulness is immovable, asking 'What's the threat?' can reveal the underlying fear or anticipated catastrophe that is driving the resistance. 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evaluation, impulse and action.", "purpose": "Organize emotions as a coherent sequence of triggers, evaluation, body reaction, impulse and behavior so that regulation can start at several points.", "applicationContext": "When emotions seem diffuse, overwhelming or difficult to understand and a structured overall map of how emotional episodes are structured is needed.", "longDescription": { "text": "The DBT Model for Describing Emotions provides a systematic framework for understanding the components of an emotional response and where within the system intervention is possible. The model maps the sequence: vulnerability factors create the context; a prompting event triggers the emotion; interpretations and secondary emotions develop; biological changes occur in the body; action urges arise; and behavioral and verbal expressions follow. Because emotions are full-system responses, changing any component can shift the entire emotional experience. This model is taught before the regulation skills because understanding the structure of an emotion is necessary for choosing where to intervene.", "furtherReading": [ { "sourceId": "linehan-manual-529p", "chapter": 9, "section": "V", "page": 334 } ] }, "sourceId": "linehan-manual-529p", "sourceLabel": "Linehan Manual", "sourceLocator": "Chapter 9", "sourceCategory": "Foundation-oriented", "sourceType": "Manual", "sourceTrustSignal": "Primary source-close", "sourceAuthorityWeight": "high", "sourcePracticeWeight": "medium", "sourceAudienceFit": "Professional", "sourceNote": "Linehan Manual · Chapter 9", "whenToUse": "If, before actually choosing a skill, a model is needed that breaks down emotional reactions into their components and points of intervention.", "whenToUseSource": "editorial", "situationsSource": "explicit", "skillComplexity": "core", "interventionMode": "cognitive", "evidenceLevel": "clinical_consensus", "module": "emotion-regulation", "secondaryModules": [ "mindfulness", "distress-tolerance" ], "moduleBridgeContexts": [ { "moduleId": "mindfulness", "contextText": "The emotions model shows that emotions are processes with triggers, appraisals, and bodily responses - 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Mindfulness of emotions fails when it becomes rumination in disguise. 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The pivotal question is whether the emotion fits the facts: if the situation is genuinely problematic, the emotion is justified and changing the situation (Problem Solving) is appropriate. If the emotion does not fit the facts, or its intensity far exceeds what the facts warrant, Opposite Action addresses the emotion directly. The worksheet prevents the common error of using Opposite Action when the situation actually needs to change, or using Problem Solving when the emotion is based on a misread of the situation.", "furtherReading": [ { "sourceId": "linehan-manual-529p", "chapter": 9, "section": "XI" } ] }, "sourceId": "worksheets-handouts-99p", "sourceLabel": "Worksheets Packet", "sourceLocator": "Emotion Regulation Worksheet 6 / Handout 9", "sourceType": "Packet", "sourceTrustSignal": "Handout-close", "sourceAuthorityWeight": "medium", "sourcePracticeWeight": "medium", "sourceAudienceFit": "Mixed", "sourceNote": "Worksheets Packet · Emotion Regulation Worksheet 6 / Handout 9", "whenToUse": "If, after checking the facts, it is not the term that is used, but the specific next direction of action.", "whenToUseSource": "editorial", "situationsSource": "explicit", "skillComplexity": "extended", "interventionMode": "behavioral", "evidenceLevel": "practice_derived", "module": "emotion-regulation", "relatedIds": [ "check-the-facts", "opposite-action", "problem-solving", "mindfulness-of-current-emotions", "emotion-functions", "emotions-model", "recognizing-emotions", "emotionsdysregulation" ], "situations": [ "wut-aerger", "angst-panik" ], "learningPathType": "knowledge-to-application", "learningPathTitle": "Explore and apply", "learningPathDescription": "These nodes are the next meaningful continuation when you want to move on from the current concept.", "learningPathNodeIds": [ "mindfulness-of-current-emotions", "emotions-model", "recognizing-emotions", "emotionsdysregulation", "opposite-action", "check-the-facts", "emotion-functions", "problem-solving" ], "learningPathSteps": [ { "nodeId": "mindfulness-of-current-emotions", "label": "Move directly into application", "description": "This connection leads from conceptual knowledge into a more concrete practical application.", "pathType": "knowledge-to-application" }, { "nodeId": "emotions-model", "label": "Deepen the frame of reference", "description": "This connection expands the conceptual frame so the current topic does not remain isolated.", "pathType": "knowledge-to-application" }, { "nodeId": "recognizing-emotions", "label": "Deepen the frame of reference", "description": "This connection expands the conceptual frame so the current topic does not remain isolated.", "pathType": "knowledge-to-application" }, { "nodeId": "emotionsdysregulation", "label": "Deepen the frame of reference", "description": "This connection expands the conceptual frame so the current topic does not remain isolated.", "pathType": "knowledge-to-application" }, { "nodeId": "opposite-action", "label": "Move directly into application", "description": "This connection leads from conceptual knowledge into a more concrete practical application.", "pathType": "knowledge-to-application" }, { "nodeId": "check-the-facts", "label": "Move directly into application", "description": "This connection leads from conceptual knowledge into a more concrete 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"emotion-regulation", "type": "framework", "title": "Emotion Regulation (Framework)", "searchAliases": [ "Emotionsregulation", "Emotionsregulation" ], "description": "Theoretical foundation · Regulation capacity · Emotion regulation capacity", "priorityRank": 23, "priorityLabel": "More foundational", "priorityDescription": "This node is more about preparation, stabilization, or later deepening around orientation and understanding.", "cardPreview": "If you first have to understand how emotions change and where you can intervene.", "purpose": "Organize the regulatory space of emotions so that it becomes understandable how emotions arise, are maintained and can be influenced at different points.", "applicationContext": "When emotional reactions seem too violent, too long-lasting or difficult to control and a structuring classification is needed first.", "longDescription": { "text": "Emotion Regulation in DBT is not about eliminating emotions but about increasing the ability to influence them — to reduce their frequency when unwanted, decrease their intensity, shorten their duration, and reduce suffering caused by their secondary effects. The module begins with understanding: emotions have functions (motivating action, communicating to self and others) and are complex full-system responses involving biology, cognition, behavior, and expression. Changing any part of the system can change the whole. The practical skills fall into two broad categories: changing unwanted emotions through Check the Facts, Opposite Action, and Problem Solving; and building resilience through the ABC PLEASE skills that reduce biological vulnerability and increase positive experience over time.", "furtherReading": [ { "sourceId": "linehan-manual-529p", "chapter": 9, "section": "I", "page": 323 } ] }, "sourceId": "linehan-manual-529p", "sourceLabel": "Linehan Manual", "sourceLocator": "Chapter 1", "sourceCategory": "Foundation-oriented", "sourceType": "Manual", "sourceTrustSignal": "Primary source-close", "sourceAuthorityWeight": "high", "sourcePracticeWeight": "medium", "sourceAudienceFit": "Professional", "sourceNote": "Linehan Manual · Chapter 1", "whenToUse": "If it is still unclear whether fact checking, opposing action, problem solving or vulnerability reduction is the appropriate next step.", "whenToUseSource": "editorial", "situationsSource": "explicit", "skillComplexity": "core", "interventionMode": "cognitive", "evidenceLevel": "clinical_consensus", "foundationalCategory": "understanding", "secondaryModules": [ "mindfulness", "distress-tolerance", "interpersonal" ], "moduleBridgeContexts": [ { "moduleId": "mindfulness", "contextText": "Emotional dysregulation often begins with a lack of awareness - mindfulness is the prerequisite for recognizing and naming emotional patterns at all." }, { "moduleId": "distress-tolerance", "contextText": "When emotion regulation does not work or works too slowly, crisis skills take over - distress tolerance is the emergency backup for moments when regulation is not yet accessible." }, { "moduleId": "interpersonal", "contextText": "Unregulated emotions are the most common reason interpersonal attempts fail - emotion regulation is the quiet prerequisite for effective communication." } ], "relatedIds": [], "situations": [ "orientierung-verstehen" ], "practiceNodeIds": [ "weekly-regulator" ], "comparisonTitle": "Understanding DBT foundations", "comparisonBullets": [], "comparisonAxes": [], "comparisonNodeIds": [ "biosoziale-theorie", "emotionsdysregulation" ], "comparisonDescription": "Emotion regulation describes the ability to influence emotions. Emotion dysregulation describes difficulties with this. Biosocial theory explains how emotional vulnerability and an invalidating environment interact in the development of these difficulties.", "learningPathType": "framework-to-application", "learningPathTitle": "Explore and apply", "learningPathDescription": "These nodes lead from the conceptual frame of reference into the first concrete application or deepening.", "learningPathNodeIds": [ "weekly-regulator", "biosoziale-theorie", "emotionsdysregulation" ], "learningPathSteps": [ { "nodeId": "weekly-regulator", "label": "Switch into a sequence", "description": "This connection leads into a clearer step sequence when the next move should become graspable as a process.", "pathType": "framework-to-application" }, { "nodeId": "biosoziale-theorie", "label": "Deepen the frame of reference", "description": "This connection expands the conceptual frame so the current topic does not remain isolated.", "pathType": "framework-to-application" }, { "nodeId": "emotionsdysregulation", "label": "Deepen the frame of reference", "description": "This connection expands the conceptual frame so the current topic does not remain isolated.", "pathType": "framework-to-application" } ], "situationLinks": [ { "situationId": "orientierung-verstehen", "label": "Orientation and Understanding", "entryType": "orientation", "pathSegment": "situations", "relationRole": "understand", "fit": "primary", "strength": 0.9, "isPreferred": true } ] } ], "situations": [ { "id": "innere-unruhe", "label": "Inner Restlessness", "shortLabel": "Restlessness", "entryType": "orientation", "isDraft": false, "description": "For diffuse activation, drivenness, absent-mindedness or lack of centering.", "bodySensation": "Restlessness in the body, inability to sit still, tingling or agitatedness in the limbs, concentration jumps, breathing unsteady", "impulse": "Urge to list or plan, distracted by activity, avoiding silence, wanting to make quick decisions to resolve the restlessness", "intensityNotes": "Inner unrest can be a harbinger of escalation or a chronic condition. Often you only notice them when you need to calm down. Stabilizing skills help more than problem solving.", "longDescription": { "text": "Inner restlessness is a diffuse activation state that often functions as an early-warning signal before tension escalates. It differs from high tension in that the activation is less physically intense and more characterized by drivenness, mental fragmentation, and difficulty settling. It also differs from acute crisis by its slower tempo and the residual capacity for self-observation. The relevant skill categories are mindfulness (returning to the present moment), self-soothing, and gentle body-based grounding. Common mistakes include immediately filling the restlessness with activity or planning — this temporarily reduces the discomfort but reinforces avoidance of the underlying signal. The clinically important question is whether the restlessness is a discrete state or a chronic baseline, since the intervention logic differs." }, "preferredNodeIds": [], "conceptLinks": [ { "conceptId": "wise-mind", "relationRole": "orient" }, { "conceptId": "self-soothing", "relationRole": "stabilize" }, { "conceptId": "mindfulness-what-skills", "relationRole": "entry" }, { "conceptId": "observe", "relationRole": "orient" }, { "conceptId": "describe", "relationRole": "orient" }, { "conceptId": "participate", "relationRole": "apply" }, { "conceptId": "mindfulness-how-skills", "relationRole": "orient" }, { "conceptId": "nonjudgmentally", "relationRole": "orient" }, { "conceptId": "one-mindfully", "relationRole": "orient" }, { "conceptId": "effectively", "relationRole": "apply" }, { "conceptId": "beginners-mind", "relationRole": "orient" }, { "conceptId": "doing-being-mind", "relationRole": "understand" }, { "conceptId": "spaciousness-and-stillness", "relationRole": "stabilize" }, { "conceptId": "mindfulness-of-current-emotions", "relationRole": "apply" }, { "conceptId": "cue-controlled-relaxation", "relationRole": "stabilize" }, { "conceptId": "exercise-mindfulness-of-current-emotions-worksheet", "relationRole": "stabilize" }, { "conceptId": "check-the-facts", "relationRole": "apply" }, { "conceptId": "daily-mindfulness-regimen", "relationRole": "orient" }, { "conceptId": "recognizing-emotions", "relationRole": "orient" } ], "bundleLinks": [ { "bundleId": "mindfulness-what-skills", "role": "entry" }, { "bundleId": "mindfulness-how-skills", "role": "orient" } ], "pathSegment": "situations" }, { "id": "trauer-verlust", "label": "Grief or loss", "shortLabel": "Grief", "entryType": "emotion", "isDraft": false, "description": "For reactions of loss, depression or painful sadness.", "bodySensation": "Heaviness in the body, fatigue, tightness or pressure in the chest, crying, slow movements, lack of appetite, sleep changes", "impulse": "Withdrawal and isolation, pausing and doing nothing, seeking connection to others, focusing on what has been lost, grieving and letting go", "intensityNotes": "Course often wavy, not linear. Intensity can increase again after days. Frequent periods of emotional numbness between painful waves. Duration from hours to weeks depending on the loss.", "longDescription": { "text": "Grief in DBT is treated as a justified emotion that deserves acknowledgment rather than suppression, but one that can become problematic when it persists beyond functional coping. It differs from depression in that it remains linked to a clear loss event and has a wave-like rather than persistent quality. The relevant skill categories are emotion regulation (especially non-judgmental observing), self-compassion, mindfulness, and radical acceptance for irreversible losses. Opposite action for grief involves re-engaging with meaningful activities, not eliminating sadness. A common mistake is treating grief as a problem to be solved rather than a process to be witnessed — which tends to prolong the emotional difficulty rather than reduce it." }, "preferredNodeIds": [], "conceptLinks": [ { "conceptId": "exercise-opposite-action-worksheet", "relationRole": "apply" }, { "conceptId": "exercise-mindfulness-of-current-emotions-worksheet", "relationRole": "apply" }, { "conceptId": "mindfulness-of-current-emotions", "relationRole": "entry" }, { "conceptId": "check-the-facts", "relationRole": "orient" }, { "conceptId": "opposite-action", "relationRole": "apply" }, { "conceptId": "radical-acceptance", "relationRole": "understand" }, { "conceptId": "self-compassion", "relationRole": "stabilize" }, { "conceptId": "loving-kindness", "relationRole": "stabilize" }, { "conceptId": "emotion-functions", "relationRole": "understand" }, { "conceptId": "please-skills", "relationRole": "prepare" } ], "pathSegment": "emotionen" }, { "id": "wut-aerger", "label": "Anger or Irritation", "shortLabel": "Anger", "entryType": "emotion", "isDraft": false, "description": "For intense anger, irritability or proximity to escalation.", "bodySensation": "Feeling of heat in the face and neck, increased muscle tension (jaw, shoulders, hands), accelerated pulse, tense stomach, feeling of pressure in the head", "impulse": "Attacking or confronting, enforcing boundaries loudly and directly, controlling the situation, leaving or withdrawing, expressing through voice or movement", "intensityNotes": "Course from mild irritability to explosive escalation. The increase usually occurs quickly (seconds to minutes), but can also persist for a long time as a background grudge. Cooling down takes time.", "longDescription": { "text": "Anger in DBT is understood as a primary emotion with a biological function but a high risk of interpersonal damage. Its rapid escalation makes it one of the most challenging emotions to regulate. The distinction from irritability is clinically important: irritability is more chronic and diffuse, while anger tends to escalate in response to specific triggers. Relevant skill categories are emotion regulation (check-the-facts, opposite action to anger), interpersonal effectiveness for managing relational impact, and distress tolerance during escalated peaks. The most frequent error is applying problem-solving prematurely — before physiological arousal decreases, repair attempts tend to make things worse. Body-based cooling (physical exercise, cold water) has stronger evidence than cognitive reframing at peak activation." }, "preferredNodeIds": [], "conceptLinks": [ { "conceptId": "opposite-action", "relationRole": "entry" }, { "conceptId": "exercise-check-the-facts-worksheet", "relationRole": "apply" }, { "conceptId": "exercise-opposite-action-worksheet", "relationRole": "apply" }, { "conceptId": "exercise-problem-solving-worksheet", "relationRole": "apply" }, { "conceptId": "question-how-do-i-change-an-unwanted-emotion", "relationRole": "orient" }, { "conceptId": "exercise-figuring-out-how-to-change-unwanted-emotions", "relationRole": "apply" }, { "conceptId": "exercise-loving-kindness-worksheet", "relationRole": "apply" }, { "conceptId": "check-the-facts", "relationRole": "entry" }, { "conceptId": "stop-skill", "relationRole": "stabilize" }, { "conceptId": "take-a-step-back", "relationRole": "stabilize" }, { "conceptId": "problem-solving", "relationRole": "apply" }, { "conceptId": "mindfulness-of-current-emotions", "relationRole": "orient" }, { "conceptId": "recognizing-emotions", "relationRole": "orient" } ], "bundleLinks": [ { "bundleId": "stop-skill", "role": "stabilize" } ], "pathSegment": "emotionen" }, { "id": "angst-panik", "label": "Fear or panic", "shortLabel": "Fear", "entryType": "emotion", "isDraft": false, "description": "For anxiety peaks, near panic, fear of loss of control or massive concern.", "bodySensation": "Racing heart, tightness in the chest and throat, shallow breathing, muscle tension, sweating, trembling, dizziness", "impulse": "Flee or leave the situation, freeze and freeze, seek and secure control, avoid the next contact", "intensityNotes": "Course from chronic background worry to acute panic attack. Physical symptoms increase quickly and subside more slowly. Often wave character.", "longDescription": { "text": "Anxiety and panic form a continuum in DBT, with chronic background worry at one end and full panic with physiological symptoms at the other. DBT does not treat anxiety as intrinsically pathological — it treats it as a signal whose intensity has become dysregulating. The relevant skill categories are emotion regulation (check-the-facts, opposite action to anxiety, vulnerability reduction), distress tolerance for peak moments, and mindfulness for observing the wave without amplifying it. A key clinical distinction: anxiety justifies avoidance behaviors, which maintain anxiety — a common failure mode when skills are used to suppress rather than process the emotion. The core prescription of opposite action for unjustified anxiety is approach rather than avoidance: actively entering what is feared, not pulling away from it, and doing so repeatedly and all the way until the response decreases." }, "preferredNodeIds": [], "conceptLinks": [ { "conceptId": "check-the-facts", "relationRole": "understand" }, { "conceptId": "emotion-functions", "relationRole": "understand" }, { "conceptId": "emotions-model", "relationRole": "understand" }, { "conceptId": "emotion-exposure", "relationRole": "understand" }, { "conceptId": "accumulating-positive-emotions", "relationRole": "understand" }, { "conceptId": "please-skills", "relationRole": "understand" }, { "conceptId": "exercise-check-the-facts-worksheet", "relationRole": "apply" }, { "conceptId": "exercise-figuring-out-how-to-change-unwanted-emotions", "relationRole": "apply" }, { "conceptId": "tip-paced-breathing", "relationRole": "entry" }, { "conceptId": "cope-ahead", "relationRole": "prepare" }, { "conceptId": "exposure-based-cognitive-rehearsal", "relationRole": "apply" }, { "conceptId": "improving-the-moment", "relationRole": "apply" }, { "conceptId": "mindfulness-of-current-emotions", "relationRole": "apply" }, { "conceptId": "opposite-action", "relationRole": "apply" } ], "pathSegment": "emotionen" }, { "id": "ekel", "label": "Disgust or revulsion", "shortLabel": "Disgust", "entryType": "emotion", "isDraft": false, "description": "For strong revulsion, feeling repelled, or the urge to create immediate distance.", "bodySensation": "Nausea or stomach tightening, pulling back in the upper body, changed facial expression, tight throat, inner contraction", "impulse": "Turn away, break contact, get rid of something, judge harshly, secure distance", "intensityNotes": "Disgust often protects boundaries, but can quickly harden into rigid avoidance or moralizing. First orient, then distinguish between a real protection signal and an overreaction.", "longDescription": { "text": "In DBT, disgust is first understood as a protective emotion: it marks something as contaminating, boundary-violating, or impossible to take in. Clinically it becomes important when that protection signal no longer cleanly distinguishes between actual danger and learned avoidance. At that point disgust can harden into rigid rejection, moralizing, or withdrawal without checking the facts. Relevant skill categories are check-the-facts, mindfulness of body reactions, and opposite action when the disgust is not justified by real danger. Opposite action for unjustified disgust means moving closer to what feels contaminating — repeated exposure until the disgust response settles, not permanent avoidance. The task is not to override every disgust response, but to distinguish protection from overreaction." }, "preferredNodeIds": [], "conceptLinks": [ { "conceptId": "recognizing-emotions", "relationRole": "orient" }, { "conceptId": "emotion-functions", "relationRole": "understand" }, { "conceptId": "check-the-facts", "relationRole": "orient" }, { "conceptId": "opposite-action", "relationRole": "apply" }, { "conceptId": "mindfulness-of-current-emotions", "relationRole": "apply" }, { "conceptId": "radical-acceptance", "relationRole": "understand" }, { "conceptId": "self-compassion", "relationRole": "stabilize" }, { "conceptId": "mindfulness-what-skills", "relationRole": "entry" }, { "conceptId": "mindfulness-how-skills", "relationRole": "orient" } ], "bundleLinks": [ { "bundleId": "mindfulness-what-skills", "role": "entry" }, { "bundleId": "mindfulness-how-skills", "role": "orient" } ], "pathSegment": "emotionen" }, { "id": "schuld", "label": "Guilt or guilt feelings", "shortLabel": "Guilt", "entryType": "emotion", "isDraft": false, "description": "For conscience pressure, repair urges, or painful rumination about your own behavior.", "bodySensation": "Pressure in chest or stomach, heavy shoulders, lowered gaze, inner tightness, looping thoughts", "impulse": "Apologize, make repairs, punish yourself, avoid contact, replay the scene again and again", "intensityNotes": "With guilt, the key question is whether there is real responsibility or whether global self-condemnation is being mistaken for guilt. Skills help separate repair from unnecessary self-punishment.", "longDescription": { "text": "Guilt is clinically distinct from shame in DBT: guilt is about behavior, shame is about the whole self. That is why the core question with guilt is not only how strong it feels, but what exactly it refers to. When real responsibility exists, repair matters; when guilt is borrowed, exaggerated, or fused with shame, the work shifts toward check-the-facts, self-compassion, and stopping self-punishment. Common mistakes are endless rumination instead of concrete repair, or apologizing for things that were never fully yours to carry." }, "preferredNodeIds": [], "conceptLinks": [ { "conceptId": "check-the-facts", "relationRole": "orient" }, { "conceptId": "self-compassion", "relationRole": "stabilize" }, { "conceptId": "problem-solving", "relationRole": "apply" }, { "conceptId": "radical-acceptance", "relationRole": "understand" }, { "conceptId": "loving-kindness", "relationRole": "stabilize" }, { "conceptId": "wise-mind", "relationRole": "orient" }, { "conceptId": "mindfulness-of-current-emotions", "relationRole": "entry" }, { "conceptId": "mindfulness-how-skills", "relationRole": "orient" }, { "conceptId": "abc-please-skills", "relationRole": "prepare" } ], "bundleLinks": [ { "bundleId": "mindfulness-how-skills", "role": "orient" }, { "bundleId": "abc-please-skills", "role": "prepare" } ], "pathSegment": "emotionen" }, { "id": "freude-glueck", "label": "Joy or happiness", "shortLabel": "Joy", "entryType": "emotion", "isDraft": false, "description": "For joy, relief, gratitude, or consciously holding on to positive moments.", "bodySensation": "Openness in chest and face, more energy, light smiling, warm activation, lively gaze", "impulse": "Share it, laugh, seek closeness, move, savor the moment, build on what is good", "intensityNotes": "Positive emotions are often minimized or warded off out of fear of losing control. DBT treats them as a resource that can be noticed, strengthened, and maintained on purpose.", "longDescription": { "text": "Joy and happiness are often clinically underdeveloped even though they are central to emotion regulation. DBT does not treat positive emotions as a luxury but as a key part of reducing vulnerability. People with high dysregulation often minimize joy immediately, distrust it, or brace for the crash that might follow. That is why accumulating positive emotions, savoring, and actively building mastery are not optional extras. The frequent mistake is responding only to painful emotions while failing to strengthen positive states on purpose." }, "preferredNodeIds": [], "conceptLinks": [ { "conceptId": "accumulating-positive-emotions", "relationRole": "understand" }, { "conceptId": "mindfulness-of-current-emotions", "relationRole": "entry" }, { "conceptId": "participate", "relationRole": "apply" }, { "conceptId": "build-mastery", "relationRole": "prepare" }, { "conceptId": "describe", "relationRole": "orient" }, { "conceptId": "recognizing-emotions", "relationRole": "orient" }, { "conceptId": "abc-please-skills", "relationRole": "prepare" }, { "conceptId": "mindfulness-what-skills", "relationRole": "entry" } ], "bundleLinks": [ { "bundleId": "mindfulness-what-skills", "role": "entry" }, { "bundleId": "abc-please-skills", "role": "prepare" } ], "pathSegment": "emotionen" }, { "id": "eifersucht", "label": "Jealousy", "shortLabel": "Jealousy", "entryType": "emotion", "isDraft": false, "description": "For fear of loss in relationships, comparison pressure, or alarm at being replaced.", "bodySensation": "Tightness in chest and stomach, inner heat, alarm readiness, looping thoughts, tension in the face", "impulse": "Control, compare, seek reassurance, cling, attack, or pull away", "intensityNotes": "Jealousy is usually a mixed emotion made of fear, shame, and anger. Check-the-facts, self-soothing, and self-respect matter more than impulsive control.", "longDescription": { "text": "Jealousy is rarely a single emotion; it usually combines fear of loss, shame about vulnerability, and anger at a perceived threat. In DBT, the central task is not to obey the control urge but to separate the ingredients: what are the facts, what story is being added, what need feels threatened, and where is self-respect becoming unstable? Relevant skill categories are check-the-facts, mindfulness of activation, validation of vulnerability, and opposite action against impulsive controlling or clinging. The concrete opposite action for unjustified jealousy is letting go of control — allowing the other person space, sharing rather than securing. Otherwise jealousy quickly starts organizing the whole relationship." }, "preferredNodeIds": [], "conceptLinks": [ { "conceptId": "check-the-facts", "relationRole": "orient" }, { "conceptId": "mindfulness-of-current-emotions", "relationRole": "entry" }, { "conceptId": "opposite-action", "relationRole": "apply" }, { "conceptId": "self-compassion", "relationRole": "stabilize" }, { "conceptId": "validation", "relationRole": "apply" }, { "conceptId": "wise-mind", "relationRole": "orient" }, { "conceptId": "nonjudgmentally", "relationRole": "apply" }, { "conceptId": "mindfulness-how-skills", "relationRole": "orient" }, { "conceptId": "give", "relationRole": "apply" } ], "bundleLinks": [ { "bundleId": "mindfulness-how-skills", "role": "orient" }, { "bundleId": "give", "role": "apply" } ], "pathSegment": "emotionen" }, { "id": "ueberraschung", "label": "Surprise", "shortLabel": "Surprise", "entryType": "emotion", "isDraft": false, "description": "For sudden turns, unexpected information, or moments that require rapid reorientation.", "bodySensation": "A brief startle, breath catches, widened attention, short body tension, then a quick shift", "impulse": "Pause, ask questions, classify things immediately, react impulsively, try to understand the situation fast", "intensityNotes": "Surprise is often brief but direction-setting: it can turn into joy, fear, anger, or interest. The first helpful move is orientation instead of instant interpretation.", "longDescription": { "text": "Surprise is often brief, but functionally important because it marks the moment when the system has not yet decided what an event means. That moment creates clinical leverage: if interpretation is rushed, surprise quickly turns into fear, anger, or defensive control. If it is treated as an orientation phase, there is more access to facts and flexible responding. Relevant skills are describing before judging, Wise Mind for reorientation, and mindfulness of the switching moment itself. Surprise is less a problem than a fork in the road." }, "preferredNodeIds": [], "conceptLinks": [ { "conceptId": "wise-mind", "relationRole": "orient" }, { "conceptId": "describe", "relationRole": "orient" }, { "conceptId": "mindfulness-of-current-emotions", "relationRole": "entry" }, { "conceptId": "check-the-facts", "relationRole": "understand" }, { "conceptId": "participate", "relationRole": "apply" }, { "conceptId": "recognizing-emotions", "relationRole": "understand" }, { "conceptId": "mindfulness-what-skills", "relationRole": "entry" } ], "bundleLinks": [ { "bundleId": "mindfulness-what-skills", "role": "entry" } ], "pathSegment": "emotionen" }, { "id": "interesse", "label": "Interest or curiosity", "shortLabel": "Interest", "entryType": "emotion", "isDraft": false, "description": "For curiosity, learning access, cautious openness, or motivation to move toward something.", "bodySensation": "Alert attention, slight forward lean, outward focus, lively energy, clear perception", "impulse": "Move closer, ask, explore, try things out, stay engaged, understand connections", "intensityNotes": "Interest is a core approach emotion. It is easy to lose when fear, judgment, or overload take over. Strengthening it intentionally can counter shutdown and withdrawal.", "longDescription": { "text": "Interest is an approach emotion in DBT and therefore especially valuable when someone tends toward withdrawal, numbness, or rigid avoidance. It signals not only curiosity but readiness to learn, make contact, and experience life as still open. That is why it is often underestimated: interest feels quieter than fear or anger and gets covered over quickly by judgment, perfectionism, or overwhelm. Relevant skills are participate, describe, mindful noticing, and intentionally strengthening even small moments of engagement. Interest is often the bridge back into action and involvement." }, "preferredNodeIds": [], "conceptLinks": [ { "conceptId": "participate", "relationRole": "apply" }, { "conceptId": "mindfulness-of-current-emotions", "relationRole": "entry" }, { "conceptId": "accumulating-positive-emotions", "relationRole": "understand" }, { "conceptId": "build-mastery", "relationRole": "apply" }, { "conceptId": "describe", "relationRole": "orient" }, { "conceptId": "recognizing-emotions", "relationRole": "orient" }, { "conceptId": "mindfulness-what-skills", "relationRole": "entry" }, { "conceptId": "abc-please-skills", "relationRole": "prepare" } ], "bundleLinks": [ { "bundleId": "mindfulness-what-skills", "role": "entry" }, { "bundleId": "abc-please-skills", "role": "prepare" } ], "pathSegment": "emotionen" }, { "id": "liebe", "label": "Love or connection", "shortLabel": "Love", "entryType": "emotion", "isDraft": false, "description": "For affection, deep connection, warmth, or the wish to care for a relationship intentionally.", "bodySensation": "Warmth in chest and face, softer body tone, openness, emotional tenderness, relaxation with presence", "impulse": "Seek closeness, give, protect, open up, express connection, maintain or deepen the bond", "intensityNotes": "Love can feel soothing and exposing at the same time. Clinically it matters where attachment, boundaries, fear of loss, and self-respect start pulling against each other.", "longDescription": { "text": "Love or deep connection does not only soothe; it almost always increases vulnerability as well. Clinically it matters wherever attachment needs, fear of loss, boundaries, and self-respect become activated at the same time. DBT therefore does not treat love as automatically regulating, but as a state that may require mindfulness, validation, clear limits, and self-compassion. Common errors include fusion instead of connection, self-abandonment out of attachment fear, or controlling behavior driven by fear of loss. Relevant skills include loving kindness, Wise Mind, validation, and any skills that help combine closeness with self-respect." }, "preferredNodeIds": [], "conceptLinks": [ { "conceptId": "loving-kindness", "relationRole": "stabilize" }, { "conceptId": "mindfulness-of-current-emotions", "relationRole": "entry" }, { "conceptId": "wise-mind", "relationRole": "orient" }, { "conceptId": "participate", "relationRole": "apply" }, { "conceptId": "validation", "relationRole": "apply" }, { "conceptId": "self-compassion", "relationRole": "stabilize" }, { "conceptId": "nonjudgmentally", "relationRole": "orient" }, { "conceptId": "give", "relationRole": "apply" }, { "conceptId": "mindfulness-how-skills", "relationRole": "orient" } ], "bundleLinks": [ { "bundleId": "mindfulness-how-skills", "role": "orient" }, { "bundleId": "give", "role": "apply" } ], "pathSegment": "emotionen" } ] }